---
title: widow — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «widow» in the Judaism dictionary: A widow is a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# widow

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** widow, husband, Ye, he, you, children · **What happens:** be, die, not marry, leave, not afflict, curse · **To what, where:** woman, single short line, printing, top, widow, justice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«widow» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [widow in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/widow.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A widow is a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:m1:1
# text = A widow is a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
15	again	again	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a widow | a woman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | present · perfect | husband |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **not** **marry** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  | again |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In printing, a widow is a single short line left alone at the top of a page or column.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:m2:1
# text = In printing, a widow is a single short line left alone at the top of a page or column.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	printing	printing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a widow | a single short line |  | printing |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | a single short line *not said here* |  | the top of a page or column |  | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at top=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. (Torah EXO.22.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x1:1
# text = Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.
1	Ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **afflict** | shall | Ye | any widow |  |  |  | fatherless child *obl* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus widow=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.22.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.22.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.22.22	EXO.22.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cursed be he that perverteth the justice due to the stranger, fatherless, and widow. (Torah DEU.27.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Cursed be he that perverteth the justice due to the stranger, fatherless, and widow.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x2:1
# text = Cursed be he that perverteth the justice due to the stranger, fatherless, and widow.
1	Cursed	curse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	perverteth	pervert	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | he |  |  |  |  | due the stranger; pervert *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.27.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.27.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.27.19	DEU.27.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He doth execute justice for the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment. (Torah DEU.10.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He doth execute justice for the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x3:1
# text = He doth execute justice for the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	execute	execute	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
4	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	widow	widow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	loveth	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	iobj	_	_
19	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	raiment	raiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **execute** | present | He *not said here* | justice |  |  |  | for the fatherless | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent justice=Patient |
| 3 | **widow** | present | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **love** | present | He *not said here* | the stranger |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stranger=Stimulus |
| 5 | **give** | gerund | He *not said here* | food and raiment | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient food=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.10.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x3:2
# text = (Torah DEU.10.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.10.18	DEU.10.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How is she become as a widow! (Writings LAM.1.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How is she become as a widow!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x4:1
# text = How is she become as a widow!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · passive |  | she |  |  |  | as a widow | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings LAM.1.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x4:2
# text = (Writings LAM.1.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	LAM.1.1	LAM.1.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow. (Writings PSA.109.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x5:1
# text = Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
5	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | his children |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | infinitive | his children *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fatherless *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **widow** |  | his wife |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.109.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.109.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.109.9	PSA.109.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless. (Writings PSA.94.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x6:1
# text = They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slay	slay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	murder	murder	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | present | They | the widow and the stranger |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent widow=Patient |
| 2 | **murder** | infinitive | They *not said here* | the fatherless |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fatherless=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.94.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.94.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.94.6	PSA.94.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After her husband died, she became a widow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x7:1
# text = After her husband died, she became a widow.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | her husband |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **become** | past | she | a widow |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The widow lived alone in a little cottage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x8:1
# text = The widow lived alone in a little cottage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cottage	cottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the widow |  |  | a little cottage |  | alone *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cottage=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad is a widower, because Grandma died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x9:1
# text = Grandad is a widower, because Grandma died.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	widower	widower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grandad | a widower |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | past | Grandma | a widower *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was widowed when she was young.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x10:1
# text = She was widowed when she was young.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	widowed	widow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **widow** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | she |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the kind widow took in the orphan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x11:1
# text = In the story, the kind widow took in the orphan.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	orphan	orphan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the kind widow |  |  | the story |  | in the orphan | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in story=Location |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The black widow spider has a red mark on its body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x12:1
# text = The black widow spider has a red mark on its body.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the black widow spider | a red mark |  | spider's body |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Patient |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visit the widow next door and help with her shopping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x13:1
# text = We visit the widow next door and help with her shopping.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visit	visit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	shopping	shopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | present | We | the widow |  |  |  | with widow's shopping | tree rules |
| 2 | **shop** |  | widow |  |  |  |  |  | nom shopping «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The widow wore black at the funeral.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x14:1
# text = The widow wore black at the funeral.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the widow |  |  | the funeral |  | black *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent at funeral=Source |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I don't mind!" says the widow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:widow:x15:1
# text = "I don't mind!" says the widow.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	mind	mind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mind** *in a quote* | present · do-support | the widow *= widow* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | present | the widow |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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