---
title: withhold — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «withhold» in the Judaism dictionary: To keep something back and refuse to give it: «withhold information» means not telling something you know. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# withhold

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, shop, they, someone, choice, none · **What happens:** keep back, refuse, not give, withhold, mean, not tell · **To what, where:** something, it, information, payment, pay, work · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«withhold» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [withhold in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/withhold.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep something back and refuse to give it: «withhold information» means not telling something you know.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:m1:1
# text = To keep something back and refuse to give it: «withhold information» means not telling something you know.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	nsubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
15	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
18	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	obj	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep back** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **refuse** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **give** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **withhold** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | information |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient |
| 7 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hold back a payment or reward: «The shop withheld his pay until the work was finished.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:m2:1
# text = To hold back a payment or reward: «The shop withheld his pay until the work was finished.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	reward	reward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	withheld	withhold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold back** | to-infinitive |  | a payment or reward |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent payment=Theme |
| 2 | **withhold** *in a quote* | past | the shop | shop's pay |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **finish** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | the work |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 4 | **pay** *in a quote* |  | shop |  |  |  |  |  | nom pay «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take part of someone's pay for tax before they get it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:m3:1
# text = To take part of someone's pay for tax before they get it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | part of someone's pay |  |  |  | for tax | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent part=Theme for tax=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **get** | present | they | part |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 3 | **pay** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom pay «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us; in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead.' (Torah GEN.23.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 'Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us; in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead.'

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x1:1
# text = 'Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us; in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead.'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hear	hear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
9	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	among	among	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	sepulchres	sepulchre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	bury	bury	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
23	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
26	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	30	nsubj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nmod	_	_
29	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	obl	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	sepulchre	sepulchre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
36	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	40	nsubj	_	_
38	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	nsubj	_	_
39	mayest	may	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	bury	bury	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	conj	_	_
41	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | imperative | you *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer we=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bury** | present | the choice of our sepulchres | thy dead |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dead=Theme |
| 3 | **withhold** | shall | none | choice's sepulchre |  | thee |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bury** | may | that | thy dead |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dead=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.23.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.23.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.23.6	GEN.23.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If it is read as one word, it must be the action noun of בָּלַם balam 'to restrain, withhold, keep (from)'; see SY 1:8. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If it is read as one word, it must be the action noun of בָּלַם balam 'to restrain, withhold, keep (from)'; see SY 1:8.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x2:1
# text = If it is read as one word, it must be the action noun of בָּלַם balam 'to restrain, withhold, keep (from)'; see SY 1:8.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	בָּלַם	בָּלַם	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
17	balam	balam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	restrain	restrain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
31	SY	SY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
32	1:8	1:8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  | as one word | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as word=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | must | word | the action noun |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **restrain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of balam | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 4 | **withhold** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **keep** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **see** | infinitive |  | SY |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sy=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But who can withhold himself from speaking? (Writings JOB.4.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But who can withhold himself from speaking?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x3:1
# text = But who can withhold himself from speaking?
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withhold** | can |  | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.4.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x3:2
# text = (Writings JOB.4.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.4.2	JOB.4.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now therefore, I pray thee, speak unto the king; for he will not withhold me from thee.' (Prophets 2SA.13.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Now therefore, I pray thee, speak unto the king; for he will not withhold me from thee.'

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x4:1
# text = Now therefore, I pray thee, speak unto the king; for he will not withhold me from thee.'
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | I | thee |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the king | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **withhold** | future | king | me |  | thee |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2SA.13.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x4:2
# text = (Prophets 2SA.13.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.13.13	2SA.13.13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Withhold not correction from the child; for though thou beat him with the rod, he will not die. (Writings PRO.23.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Withhold not correction from the child; for though thou beat him with the rod, he will not die.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x5:1
# text = Withhold not correction from the child; for though thou beat him with the rod, he will not die.
1	Withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	1	advmod	_	_
3	correction	correction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	though	though	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
11	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **withhold** | imperative | you *not said here* | correction |  |  |  | from the child | tree rules |
| 2 | **beat** | past | thou | child |  |  |  | with the rod; though *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with rod=Instrument |
| 3 | **not** **die** | future | child |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.23.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x5:2
# text = (Writings PRO.23.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.23.13	PRO.23.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective thought the butler was withholding something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x6:1
# text = The detective thought the butler was withholding something.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	butler	butler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	withholding	withhold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the detective |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **withhold** | past · progressive | the butler | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please do not withhold information that could help find the lost dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x7:1
# text = Please do not withhold information that could help find the lost dog.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **withhold** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | information |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | could | information |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **find** | infinitive | information *not said here* | the lost dog |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Topic |
| 4 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The phone screen said «number withheld».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x8:1
# text = The phone screen said «number withheld».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	withheld	withhold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the phone screen | number |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent number=Topic |
| 2 | **withhold** *in a quote* | participle |  | number *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher withheld the prize until everyone had tidied up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x9:1
# text = The teacher withheld the prize until everyone had tidied up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	withheld	withhold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	tidied	tidy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withhold** | past | the teacher | the prize |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tidy up** | past · perfect | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company withheld part of his wages for tax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x10:1
# text = The company withheld part of his wages for tax.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	withheld	withhold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withhold** | past | the company | part of company's wages for tax |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She withheld her smile until the judges had finished.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x11:1
# text = She withheld her smile until the judges had finished.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	withheld	withhold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withhold** | past | She | her smile |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **finish** | past · perfect | the judges |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **smile** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone asks you to keep a secret that worries you, do not withhold it from a trusted adult.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x12:1
# text = If someone asks you to keep a secret that worries you, do not withhold it from a trusted adult.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	worries	worry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | someone |  | you |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* | a secret |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Theme |
| 3 | **worry** | present | a secret | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |
| 4 | **not** **withhold** | infinitive · do-support | someone *not said here* | secret |  |  |  | from a trusted adult | tree rules |
| 5 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Lady,” he pleaded, “you will surely not withhold information from the Ard-Ri’?”

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:withhold:x13:1
# text = “Lady,” he pleaded, “you will surely not withhold information from the Ard-Ri’?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Lady	Lady	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	pleaded	plead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
11	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	withhold	withhold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
14	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	Ard	Ard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Ri	Ri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plead** *speech: request* | past | Lady |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **withhold** *in a quote* | future | you | information |  | the Ard Ri |  | surely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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