---
title: woe — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «woe» in the Judaism dictionary: Great sadness or trouble. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# woe

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Woe, my, worthless shepherd, It, She · **What happens:** undo, give, be, hurt, leave, desire · **To what, where:** Moab, captivity, me, flock, scene, woes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«woe» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [woe in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/woe.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great sadness or trouble.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:m1:1
# text = Great sadness or trouble.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woe to thee, Moab! thou art undone, O people of Chemosh; he hath given his sons as fugitives, and his daughters into captivity, unto Sihon king of the Amorites. (Torah NUM.21.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Woe to thee, Moab! thou art undone, O people of Chemosh; he hath given his sons as fugitives, and his daughters into captivity, unto Sihon king of the Amorites.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x1:1
# text = Woe to thee, Moab! thou art undone, O people of Chemosh; he hath given his sons as fugitives, and his daughters into captivity, unto Sihon king of the Amorites.
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	TO	_	3	case	_	_
3	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	undone	undo	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	12	case	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Chemosh	Chemosh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	fugitives	fugitive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
27	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	captivity	captivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	Sihon	Sihon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Amorites	Amorite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undo** | present · passive |  | Moab |  |  |  | of people of Chemosh | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | present · passive |  | Moab |  | captivity |  | as fugitives; unto Sihon king of the Amorites; Moab's daughters *obl* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient son=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.21.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.21.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.21.29	NUM.21.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woe is me for my hurt! (Prophets JER.10.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Woe is me for my hurt!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x2:1
# text = Woe is me for my hurt!
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Woe | me |  |  |  | for my hurt | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurt** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom hurt «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.10.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JER.10.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.10.19	JER.10.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woe to the worthless shepherd that leaveth the flock! (Prophets ZEC.11.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Woe to the worthless shepherd that leaveth the flock!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x3:1
# text = Woe to the worthless shepherd that leaveth the flock!
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	worthless	worthless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	leaveth	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | the worthless shepherd | the flock |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ZEC.11.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ZEC.11.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ZEC.11.17	ZEC.11.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woe unto you that desire the day of the LORD! (Prophets AMO.5.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Woe unto you that desire the day of the LORD!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x4:1
# text = Woe unto you that desire the day of the LORD!
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	desire	desire	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **desire** | present | Woe unto you |  |  |  | day |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets AMO.5.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x4:2
# text = (Prophets AMO.5.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	AMO.5.18	AMO.5.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a scene of woe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x5:1
# text = It was a scene of woe.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a scene |  |  |  | of woe | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She told him all her woes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x6:1
# text = She told him all her woes.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	woes	woe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | She |  | her woes |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient woe=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woe came upon the village after the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:woe:x7:1
# text = Woe came upon the village after the storm.
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Woe |  |  | the village | after the storm |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon village=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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