---
title: wormwood — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wormwood» in the Judaism dictionary: A plant with silvery-grey leaves and a very bitter taste, used long ago in medicine and in some strong drinks. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# wormwood

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** defeat, Book, star, you, mine, end · **What happens:** use, bear, be, stand, fall, make · **To what, where:** plant, medicine, wormwood, him, Bible wormwood, name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«wormwood» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wormwood in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/wormwood.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plant with silvery-grey leaves and a very bitter taste, used long ago in medicine and in some strong drinks.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:m1:1
# text = A plant with silvery-grey leaves and a very bitter taste, used long ago in medicine and in some strong drinks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	silvery	silvery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
15	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
16	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
22	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a plant with silvery grey leaves and a bitter taste *not said here* |  | medicine and some strong drinks |  | ago *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something very bitter or painful to bear: «The defeat was wormwood to him.».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:m2:1
# text = Something very bitter or painful to bear: «The defeat was wormwood to him.».
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the defeat | wormwood | him *= he* |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible wormwood stands for bitterness and sorrow, and in the Book of Revelation «Wormwood» is the name of a star that falls and makes waters bitter.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:m3:1
# text = In the Bible wormwood stands for bitterness and sorrow, and in the Book of Revelation «Wormwood» is the name of a star that falls and makes waters bitter.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bitterness	bitterness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Book	Book	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Revelation	Revelation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
30	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
31	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present |  |  |  | the Bible wormwood |  | for bitterness and sorrow | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in wormwood=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the Book of Revelation | the name |  |  |  | of a star | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | present | a star |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | present | a star *not said here* | waters |  |  |  | bitter *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset water=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remember mine affliction and mine anguish, the wormwood and the gall. (Writings LAM.3.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Remember mine affliction and mine anguish, the wormwood and the gall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x1:1
# text = Remember mine affliction and mine anguish, the wormwood and the gall.
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	affliction	affliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	anguish	anguish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	gall	gall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* | mine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **anguish** | present | mine | the wormwood and the gall |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings LAM.3.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x1:2
# text = (Writings LAM.3.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	LAM.3.19	LAM.3.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a two-edged sword. (Writings PRO.5.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a two-edged sword.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x2:1
# text = But her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a two-edged sword.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	edged	edge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | her end |  |  |  |  | as wormwood; bitter *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **edge** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.5.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x2:2
# text = (Writings PRO.5.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.5.4	PRO.5.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hath filled me with bitterness, He hath sated me with wormwood. (Writings LAM.3.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He hath filled me with bitterness, He hath sated me with wormwood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x3:1
# text = He hath filled me with bitterness, He hath sated me with wormwood.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bitterness	bitterness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	sated	sate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fill** | past | He *not said here* | me |  |  |  | with bitterness | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent i=Patient with bitterness=Instrument |
| 3 | **sate** | present · passive |  | He |  |  |  | with wormwood | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings LAM.3.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x3:2
# text = (Writings LAM.3.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	LAM.3.15	LAM.3.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wormwood has soft grey leaves and smells strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x4:1
# text = Wormwood has soft grey leaves and smells strong.
1	Wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	smells	smell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Wormwood | soft grey leaves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
| 2 | **smell** | present | Wormwood *not said here* |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old herbalist hung bunches of wormwood to dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x5:1
# text = The old herbalist hung bunches of wormwood to dry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	herbalist	herbalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	bunches	bunch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past | the old herbalist | bunches of wormwood |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bunch=Patient |
| 2 | **dry** | to-infinitive | the old herbalist *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wormwood tastes so bitter that nobody wanted a second sip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x6:1
# text = Wormwood tastes so bitter that nobody wanted a second sip.
1	Wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
7	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	sip	sip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | present | Wormwood |  |  |  |  | bitter *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **want** | past | nobody | a second sip |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot sip=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, losing the race was wormwood to the proud prince.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x7:1
# text = In the story, losing the race was wormwood to the proud prince.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund | the story *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the proud prince | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the race | wormwood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Revelation, a star called Wormwood falls from the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x8:1
# text = In Revelation, a star called Wormwood falls from the sky.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Revelation	Revelation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	Wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	_
8	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | a star *not said here* | Wormwood |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fall** | present | a star |  |  | Revelation |  | from the sky | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in revelation=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gardeners sometimes plant wormwood to keep some insects away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x9:1
# text = Gardeners sometimes plant wormwood to keep some insects away.
1	Gardeners	gardener	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	plant	plant	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | present | Gardeners | wormwood |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wormwood=Patient |
| 2 | **keep away** | to-infinitive | Gardeners *not said here* | some insects |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But scarcely had he drunk a very little of the water when he became worse than before, for it was as bitter as wormwood.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:wormwood:x10:1
# text = But scarcely had he drunk a very little of the water when he became worse than before, for it was as bitter as wormwood.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	drunk	drink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
15	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	xcomp	_	_
16	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	before	before	ADV	RB	_	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	as	as	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	wormwood	wormwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | past | he | a little of the water |  |  |  | scarcely *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **become** | past | he |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past | water |  |  |  |  | as wormwood; bitter *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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