---
title: writ — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «writ» in the Judaism dictionary: A writ is a formal written order from a court of law. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# writ

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** writ, thou, sticks, court, they, rhyme · **What happens:** write, be, mean, form, send, say · **To what, where:** formal written order, court, write, hand, writ, farmer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«writ» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [writ in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/writ.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A writ is a formal written order from a court of law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writ:m1:1
# text = A writ is a formal written order from a court of law.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writ	writ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a writ | a formal written order |  | a court of law |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use, in tales and rhymes — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Writ means written, the old past form of write.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writ:m2:1
# text = Writ means written, the old past form of write.
1	Writ	writ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	write	write	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Writ |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **write** *not said to happen* | participle | Writ *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **form** |  |  | write |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the sticks whereon thou writest shall be in thy hand before their eyes. (Prophets EZK.37.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the sticks whereon thou writest shall be in thy hand before their eyes.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writ:x1:1
# text = And the sticks whereon thou writest shall be in thy hand before their eyes.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
4	whereon	whereon	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
6	writest	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | whereon *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | shall | the sticks |  |  | thy hand | before sticks's eyes |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.37.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writ:x1:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.37.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.37.20	EZK.37.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The court sent a writ to the farmer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writ:x2:1
# text = The court sent a writ to the farmer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	writ	writ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the court | a writ | the farmer |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent writ=Theme to farmer=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"When they're writ upon your back," the rhyme says, meaning written there.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writ:x3:1
# text = "When they're writ upon your back," the rhyme says, meaning written there.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	writ	writ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	ccomp	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rhyme	rhyme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
16	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	_
17	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | they | writ |  |  |  | upon your back | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the rhyme |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund | the rhyme *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **write** *not said to happen* | participle | the rhyme *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The words were writ large on the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writ:x4:1
# text = The words were writ large on the wall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	writ	writ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the words |  |  | the wall |  | large *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing for maths.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writ:x5:1
# text = Nothing for maths.
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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