---
title: writing — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «writing» in the Judaism dictionary: The activity or skill of putting words on paper or a screen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# writing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** skill, person, someone, I, your, tables · **What happens:** put, write, handwrite, be, not read, grave · **To what, where:** words, paper, articles, wall, writing, work

<!-- .vabout -->
«writing» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [writing in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/writing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The activity or skill of putting words on paper or a screen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:m1:1
# text = The activity or skill of putting words on paper or a screen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | gerund | skill *not said here* | words |  | paper or a screen |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme on paper=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Words that are written.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:m2:1
# text = Words that are written.
1	Words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Words |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"There was writing on the wall."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:m2e:1
# text = "There was writing on the wall."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	writing	write	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** *in a quote* | past · progressive |  |  |  | the wall |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on wall=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person's handwriting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:m3:1
# text = A person's handwriting.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **handwrite** |  | a person |  |  |  |  |  | nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I can't read your writing."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:m3e:1
# text = "I can't read your writing."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **read** *in a quote* | can | I | your writing |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Topic |
| 2 | **write** *in a quote* |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Books, stories, poems or articles that someone has written; "writings" are someone's written works.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:m4:1
# text = Books, stories, poems or articles that someone has written; "writings" are someone's written works.
1	Books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	articles	article	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	nsubj	_	_
20	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · perfect · passive |  | articles |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | work *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The job of being a writer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:m5:1
# text = The job of being a writer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of a writer | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables. (Torah EXO.32.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x1:1
# text = And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	graven	grave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the tables | the work and the writing |  |  |  | of God | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the writing | the writing |  |  |  | of God | tree rules |
| 3 | **grave** | participle |  | the writing *not said here* |  |  |  | upon the tables | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.32.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.32.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.32.16	EXO.32.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished, (Torah DEU.31.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x2:1
# text = And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished, (Torah DEU.31.24, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	writing	write	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	DEU.31.24	DEU.31.24	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
34	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | past · perfect · passive |  | Moses |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary end=Product |
| 4 | **write** | gerund | a end *not said here* | the words of this law in a book |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 5 | **finish** | past · passive |  | words *= word* |  |  |  | Torah DEU.31.24 *obl* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 6 | **word** |  |  | this law in a book |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD. (Torah EXO.39.30, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x3:1
# text = And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	engravings	engraving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	parataxis	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	signet	signet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
28	HOLY	holy	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
29	TO	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | they | the plate of the holy crown of pure gold |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plate=Product |
| 2 | **write** | past | they *not said here* | a writing |  |  |  | upon gold | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Theme |
| 3 | **crown** |  |  | pure gold |  |  |  |  | nom crown «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.39.30, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.39.30, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.39.30	EXO.39.30	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the interdict. (Writings DAN.6.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the interdict.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x4:1
# text = Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the interdict.
1	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Darius	Darius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	interdict	interdict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | king | the writing and the interdict |  |  |  | wherefore *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent writing=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.6.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x4:2
# text = (Writings DAN.6.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.6.10	DAN.6.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And this is the writing that was inscribed: MENE MENE, TEKEL UPHARSIN. (Writings DAN.5.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And this is the writing that was inscribed: MENE MENE, TEKEL UPHARSIN.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x5:1
# text = And this is the writing that was inscribed: MENE MENE, TEKEL UPHARSIN.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	inscribed	inscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	MENE	mene	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	MENE	MENE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	TEKEL	TEKEL	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	UPHARSIN	UPHARSIN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this | the writing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **inscribe** | past · passive |  | the writing |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 3 | **mene** | infinitive |  | MENE and TEKEL |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.5.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x5:2
# text = (Writings DAN.5.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.5.25	DAN.5.25	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
then was the palm of the hand sent from before Him, and this writing was inscribed. (Writings DAN.5.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* then was the palm of the hand sent from before Him, and this writing was inscribed.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x6:1
# text = then was the palm of the hand sent from before Him, and this writing was inscribed.
1	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Him	Him	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	inscribed	inscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the palm |  |  | then | of the hand | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | participle |  | the hand *not said here* |  | Him |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from him=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **inscribe** | past · passive |  | this writing |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.5.24, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x6:2
# text = (Writings DAN.5.24, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.5.24	DAN.5.24	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did some creative writing about a dragon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x7:1
# text = We did some creative writing about a dragon.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
4	creative	creative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | some creative writing |  |  |  | about a dragon | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your writing is much neater this term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x8:1
# text = Your writing is much neater this term.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	neater	neat	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your writing |  |  |  |  | this term *obl:unmarked*; neat *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can't read the writing on this old letter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x9:1
# text = I can't read the writing on this old letter.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **read** | can | I | the writing |  | this old letter |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please put your complaint in writing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x10:1
# text = Please put your complaint in writing.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your complaint |  | writing |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent complaint=Theme in writing=Destination |
| 2 | **complain** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom complaint «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roald Dahl's writing makes children laugh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x11:1
# text = Roald Dahl's writing makes children laugh.
1	Roald	Roald	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Dahl	Dahl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
4	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Roald's writing | children |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | infinitive | children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **write** |  | Roald |  |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is writing a story about her cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x12:1
# text = She is writing a story about her cat.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	writing	write	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · progressive | She | a story |  |  |  | about her cat | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent story=Recipient about cat=Topic |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The writing on the board was too small to see.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x13:1
# text = The writing on the board was too small to see.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the writing on the board |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | the writing on the board *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After losing six games, the writing was on the wall for the team.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x14:1
# text = After losing six games, the writing was on the wall for the team.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
3	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund | the writing *not said here* | six games |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | past | the writing |  |  | the wall |  | for the team | tree rules |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And that means a lot of writing to the papers and things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:writing:x15:1
# text = And that means a lot of writing to the papers and things.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | that | a lot of writing to the papers and things |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [writhe](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/W/writhe/)
- next →: [written](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/W/written/)
- ↑ back to [W in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/W/)