---
title: younger — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «younger» in the Judaism dictionary: Younger means having lived fewer years than someone else. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# younger

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Younger, I, Jacob, Laban, he, she · **What happens:** mean, have, live, be, love, say · **To what, where:** earlier part, Rachel, thee, It, place, younger · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«younger» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [younger in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/younger.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger means having lived fewer years than someone else.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:m1:1
# text = Younger means having lived fewer years than someone else.
1	Younger	younger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
5	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	else	else	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Younger |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | gerund | Younger *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger can mean in an earlier part of life: «when I was younger».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:m2:1
# text = Younger can mean in an earlier part of life: «when I was younger».
1	Younger	younger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Younger |  |  | a earlier part of life |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past | I |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jacob loved Rachel; and he said: 'I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.' (Torah GEN.29.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Jacob loved Rachel; and he said: 'I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.'

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x1:1
# text = And Jacob loved Rachel; and he said: 'I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Rachel	Rachel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
14	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	_
15	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Rachel	Rachel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	amod	_	_
21	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | past | Jacob | Rachel |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rachel=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jacob |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **serve** | future | I | thee |  |  | year | for Rachel | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.29.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.29.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.29.18	GEN.29.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Laban said: 'It is not so done in our place, to give the younger before the first-born. (Torah GEN.29.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Laban said: 'It is not so done in our place, to give the younger before the first-born.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x2:1
# text = And Laban said: 'It is not so done in our place, to give the younger before the first-born.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Laban	Laban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	obj	_	_
19	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Laban |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **do** | present · passive |  | It |  | our place |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | the younger |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Theme |
| 4 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.29.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.29.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.29.26	GEN.29.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the younger arose, and lay with him; and he knew not when she lay down, nor when she arose. (Torah GEN.19.35, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the younger arose, and lay with him; and he knew not when she lay down, nor when she arose.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x3:1
# text = And the younger arose, and lay with him; and he knew not when she lay down, nor when she arose.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	nsubj	_	_
4	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
18	down	down	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	23	cc	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
22	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | the younger |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lay** | infinitive | the younger *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with him *= he* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **know** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **lie down** | past | she |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **arise** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.19.35, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.19.35, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.19.35	GEN.19.35	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, took it; and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife. (Prophets JDG.1.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, took it; and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x4:1
# text = And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, took it; and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
2	Othniel	Othniel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Kenaz	Kenaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	Caleb	Caleb	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	iobj	_	_
20	Achsah	Achsah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	iobj	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	iobj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Othniel | it |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | past | Othniel |  | Othniel's daughter |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.1.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x4:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.1.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.1.13	JDG.1.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I disdained to set with the dogs of my flock. (Writings JOB.30.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I disdained to set with the dogs of my flock.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x5:1
# text = But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I disdained to set with the dogs of my flock.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	derision	derision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	disdained	disdain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | they |  |  |  | now | young *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | I | me |  | derision and derision and derision's fathers's fathers |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 3 | **disdain** | past | I | derision and derision and derision's fathers's fathers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **set** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the dogs of my flock | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with dog=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.30.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x5:2
# text = (Writings JOB.30.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.30.1	JOB.30.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thine elder sister is Samaria, that dwelleth at thy left hand, she and her daughters; and thy younger sister, that dwelleth at thy right hand, is Sodom and her daughters. (Prophets EZK.16.46, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thine elder sister is Samaria, that dwelleth at thy left hand, she and her daughters; and thy younger sister, that dwelleth at thy right hand, is Sodom and her daughters.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x6:1
# text = And thine elder sister is Samaria, that dwelleth at thy left hand, she and her daughters; and thy younger sister, that dwelleth at thy right hand, is Sodom and her daughters.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	_
9	dwelleth	dwell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	26	nsubj	_	_
26	dwelleth	dwell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
32	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
33	Sodom	Sodom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | thine elder sister | Samaria |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dwell** | present | Samaria | Samaria *not said here* |  | thy left hand |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme samaria=Location |
| 3 | **dwell** | present | thy younger sister | thy younger sister *not said here* |  | thy right hand |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme sister=Location |
| 4 | **is a** | present | thy younger sister | Sodom and Samaria's daughters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.16.46, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x6:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.16.46, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.16.46	EZK.16.46	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anna is 2 years younger than Tom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x7:1
# text = Anna is 2 years younger than Tom.
1	Anna	Anna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Anna |  |  |  | year | than Tom; young *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben is 8, and his brother is 3 years younger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x8:1
# text = Ben is 8, and his brother is 3 years younger.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ben | 8 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Ben's brother |  |  |  | year | young *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much younger is Lily than Sam?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x9:1
# text = How much younger is Lily than Sam?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | much Lily |  |  |  | than Sam | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My younger brother is in Year 1.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x10:1
# text = My younger brother is in Year 1.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My younger brother |  |  |  | in Year |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I was younger, I was scared of dogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x11:1
# text = When I was younger, I was scared of dogs.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | of dogs; scared *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is the youngest in her family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x12:1
# text = She is the youngest in her family.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  | her family |  | young *property* | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Puppies are younger dogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x13:1
# text = Puppies are younger dogs.
1	Puppies	puppy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Puppies | younger dogs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger children must hold an adult's hand near the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x14:1
# text = Younger children must hold an adult's hand near the road.
1	Younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | must | Younger children | a adult's hand |  | the road |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hand=Theme near road=Location |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"We won't let the younger marry before her elders."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:younger:x15:1
# text = "We won't let the younger marry before her elders."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
8	marry	marry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **let** *in a quote* | future | We |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **marry** *in a quote* | infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  | before her elders |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [young](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/Y/young/)
- next →: [youth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/Y/youth/)
- ↑ back to [Y in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/Y/)