---
title: witness — mysticism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «witness» in the mysticism dictionary: A witness is a person who sees something happen, especially an accident or a crime. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# witness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** witness, person, something, they, someone, we · **What happens:** be, see, happen, tell, know, watch · **To what, where:** person, something, court, someone, important paper, paper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«witness» in the mysticism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [witness in the mysticism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/mysticism/w/witness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A witness is a person who sees something happen, especially an accident or a crime.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:m1:1
# text = A witness is a person who sees something happen, especially an accident or a crime.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a witness | a person and a accident or a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | present | a person and a accident or a crime | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A witness is a person who tells a court what they know or saw.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:m2:1
# text = A witness is a person who tells a court what they know or saw.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	iobj	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a witness | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a person |  | a court |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent court=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **know** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
| 4 | **see** | past | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A witness is a person who watches someone sign an important paper and then signs it too.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:m3:1
# text = A witness is a person who watches someone sign an important paper and then signs it too.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	watches	watch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	sign	sign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
15	signs	sign	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	too	too	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a witness | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **watch** | present | a person | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sign** | infinitive | someone *not said here* | a important paper |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent paper=Destination |
| 4 | **sign** | present | a person *not said here* | paper |  |  | then |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To witness something means to see it happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:m4:1
# text = To witness something means to see it happen.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **see** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | something *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"we witnessed a rainbow over the sea".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:m4e:1
# text = "we witnessed a rainbow over the sea".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	witnessed	witness	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **witness** *in a quote* | past | we | a rainbow |  | the sea |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rainbow=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And possibility had no edge, no center, no witness. (note 01)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And possibility had no edge, no center, no witness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x1:1
# text = And possibility had no edge, no center, no witness.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	possibility	possibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	center	center	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | possibility | no edge and no center and no witness |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (note 01)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x1:2
# text = (note 01)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	01	01	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The twelfth chair and the fifteenth witness are one figure in two roles; and she is the same one who, a few layers up, is the Godmother Matrix of the fourth note, and in the garden of the fifth, Aya, the mother of all the living. (note 12)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The twelfth chair and the fifteenth witness are one figure in two roles; and she is the same one who, a few layers up, is the Godmother Matrix of the fourth note, and in the garden of the fifth, Aya, the mother of all the living.

<!-- fold The tree, 46 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x2:1
# text = The twelfth chair and the fifteenth witness are one figure in two roles; and she is the same one who, a few layers up, is the Godmother Matrix of the fourth note, and in the garden of the fifth, Aya, the mother of all the living.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	fifteenth	fifteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	roles	role	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Godmother	Godmother	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	Matrix	Matrix	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	35	amod	_	_
35	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	fifth	fifth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
45	Aya	Aya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	appos	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
50	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	52	det:predet	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the twelfth chair and the fifteenth witness | one figure and the garden of the fifth |  | two roles |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | she | the same one |  |  |  | one figure and the garden of the fifth *nmod*; a few layers *nmod* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | the Godmother Matrix |  |  |  | of the fourth note | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (note 12)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x2:2
# text = (note 12)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	note	note	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **note** | imperative | you *not said here* | 12 |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent 12=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witness does not become the author of everything it sees. (note 15)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The witness does not become the author of everything it sees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x3:1
# text = The witness does not become the author of everything it sees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	nmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **become** | present · do-support | the witness | the author of everything |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | present | witness |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (note 15)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x3:2
# text = (note 15)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The note says possibility "had no edge, no center, no witness". (lesson 001)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The note says possibility "had no edge, no center, no witness".

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x4:1
# text = The note says possibility "had no edge, no center, no witness".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	possibility	possibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	center	center	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the note |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | past | possibility | no edge and no center |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (lesson 001)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x4:2
# text = (lesson 001)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	001	001	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The twelfth chair is the Godmother's, the one who helps the small ones, but she seldom sits in it: most of the time she stands a little apart where the whole seating plan can be seen, and the note says the twelfth chair and the fifteenth witness are one figure in two roles. Satan, the debugger of the sixth note, helps the small ones too, standing by the wall with his test plan, and betrays nobody. (lesson 024)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The twelfth chair is the Godmother's, the one who helps the small ones, but she seldom sits in it: most of the time she stands a little apart where the whole seating plan can be seen, and the note says the twelfth chair and the fifteenth witness are one figure in two roles.

<!-- fold The tree, 54 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x5:1
# text = The twelfth chair is the Godmother's, the one who helps the small ones, but she seldom sits in it: most of the time she stands a little apart where the whole seating plan can be seen, and the note says the twelfth chair and the fifteenth witness are one figure in two roles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Godmother	Godmother	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	seldom	seldom	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
24	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	29	amod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
28	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	advmod	_	_
32	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
33	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	40	advmod	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	seating	seating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
38	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
39	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
45	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	nsubj	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	fifteenth	fifteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	conj	_	_
53	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	55	cop	_	_
54	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	55	nummod	_	_
55	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	ccomp	_	_
56	in	in	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	58	nummod	_	_
58	roles	role	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the twelfth chair | the Godmother's one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present | the Godmother's one | the small ones |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **sit** | present | she |  |  | chair |  | seldom *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in it=Location |
| 4 | **stand** | present | she |  |  |  | time |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **see** | can · passive |  | the whole seating plan |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the note |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is a** | present | the twelfth chair and the fifteenth witness | one figure |  | two roles |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Satan, the debugger of the sixth note, helps the small ones too, standing by the wall with his test plan, and betrays nobody.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x5:2
# text = Satan, the debugger of the sixth note, helps the small ones too, standing by the wall with his test plan, and betrays nobody.
1	Satan	Satan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	debugger	debugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sixth	sixth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
14	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	betrays	betray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
27	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Satan | the small ones |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund | Satan *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the wall; with note's test plan | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by wall=Location |
| 3 | **betray** | present | Satan *not said here* | nobody |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **debug** |  |  | the sixth note |  |  |  |  | nom debugger «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **plan** |  | note |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (lesson 024)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x5:3
# text = (lesson 024)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	024	024	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A witness saw the car go through the red light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x6:1
# text = A witness saw the car go through the red light.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | a witness |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **go** | present | the car |  |  | the red light |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through light=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective spoke to three witnesses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x7:1
# text = The detective spoke to three witnesses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	witnesses	witness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the detective |  |  |  |  | to three witnesses | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to witness=Co-Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was called as a witness in court.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x8:1
# text = She was called as a witness in court.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  | as a witness in court | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We witnessed an amazing sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x9:1
# text = We witnessed an amazing sunset.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	witnessed	witness	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **witness** | past | We |  |  |  | sunset |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt signed as a witness to the will.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x10:1
# text = My aunt signed as a witness to the will.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	signed	sign	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | participle | My aunt |  |  |  |  | as a witness | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Did anyone witness the accident?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x11:1
# text = Did anyone witness the accident?
1	Did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	compound	_	_
3	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | anyone witness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Five people saw it, so there were 5 witnesses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x12:1
# text = Five people saw it, so there were 5 witnesses.
1	Five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
8	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	witnesses	witness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Five people | it |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | past | 5 witnesses |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a terrible sight for a little girl to witness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:mysticism:witness:x13:1
# text = It was a terrible sight for a little girl to witness.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a terrible sight |  |  |  | for a little girl | tree rules |

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**Text:** the mysticism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [W in mysticism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/mysticism/W/)