---
title: ab — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ab» in the school dictionary: An ab is one of the stomach muscles; people usually say «abs», short for «abdominal muscles». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ab

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ab, people, you, ups, PE teacher, superhero · **What happens:** be, say, stand, mean, sit, make · **To what, where:** one, abs, blood group, ships, ab stretch, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ab» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ab in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ab.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ab is one of the stomach muscles; people usually say «abs», short for «abdominal muscles».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:m1:1
# text = An ab is one of the stomach muscles; people usually say «abs», short for «abdominal muscles».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ab	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	abs	ab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	abdominal	abdominal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ab | one |  |  |  | of the stomach muscles | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people | abs |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ab=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
AB is a blood group (type AB).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:m2:1
# text = AB is a blood group (type AB).
1	AB	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	AB	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | AB | a blood group |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ab can stand for other things, such as Alberta in Canadian addresses (AB) or «able seaman» (AB) on ships.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:m3:1
# text = Ab can stand for other things, such as Alberta in Canadian addresses (AB) or «able seaman» (AB) on ships.
1	Ab	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	Alberta	Alberta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Canadian	Canadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	addresses	address	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	AB	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	seaman	seaman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	AB	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | can | Ab |  |  | ships |  | for other things such Alberta in Canadian addresses or able seaman | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ship=Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Latin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«ab» means «from», as in «ab initio» (from the beginning).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:m4:1
# text = «ab» means «from», as in «ab initio» (from the beginning).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ab	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ab	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	initio	initio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | ab |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sit-ups make your abs stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:x1:1
# text = Sit-ups make your abs stronger.
1	Sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	abs	ab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | ups | your abs |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ab=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The PE teacher showed us an ab stretch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:x2:1
# text = The PE teacher showed us an ab stretch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ab	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stretch	stretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the PE teacher | a ab stretch | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient stretch=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The superhero had big muscles and six-pack abs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:x3:1
# text = The superhero had big muscles and six-pack abs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	superhero	superhero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	abs	ab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the superhero | big muscles and pack abs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My blood group is AB.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:x4:1
# text = My blood group is AB.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	AB	AB	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My blood group | AB |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People with type AB blood can receive blood from any group.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:x5:1
# text = People with type AB blood can receive blood from any group.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	AB	ab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	receive	receive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | can | People with AB blood | blood |  | any group |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent blood=Theme from group=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The parcel was sent to Calgary, AB.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ab:x6:1
# text = The parcel was sent to Calgary, AB.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	parcel	parcel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Calgary	Calgary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	AB	AB	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past · passive |  | the parcel | Calgary and AB |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to calgary=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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