---
title: abbess — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abbess» in the school dictionary: An abbess is the woman who is head of a convent or community of nuns. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abbess

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**Who acts:** abbess, old woman, prince · **What happens:** be, lead, ask, ring · **To what, where:** head, nuns, prayer, Abbess, bell

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«abbess» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abbess in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abbess.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An abbess is the woman who is head of a convent or community of nuns.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbess:m1:1
# text = An abbess is the woman who is head of a convent or community of nuns.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbess	abbess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	convent	convent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	nuns	nun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a abbess | head |  |  |  | of a convent or community of nuns | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abbess led the nuns in prayer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbess:x1:1
# text = The abbess led the nuns in prayer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbess	abbess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	nuns	nun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the abbess | the nuns |  | prayer |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nun=Theme in prayer=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old woman was the Abbess of the convent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbess:x2:1
# text = The old woman was the Abbess of the convent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Abbess	Abbess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	convent	convent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the old woman | the Abbess |  |  |  | of the convent | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prince asked the abbess for help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbess:x3:1
# text = The prince asked the abbess for help.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	abbess	abbess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the prince |  | the abbess |  |  | for help | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent abbess=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every morning the abbess rang the bell for the nuns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbess:x4:1
# text = Every morning the abbess rang the bell for the nuns.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	abbess	abbess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	nuns	nun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past | the abbess | the bell |  |  | morning | for the nuns | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bell=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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