---
title: abbey — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abbey» in the school dictionary: An abbey is a building, or group of buildings, where monks or nuns live and pray together, led by an abbot or abbess. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abbey/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / abbey

# abbey

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** abbey, monks, that, We, abbot, Nuns · **What happens:** be, live, pray, lead, visit, ruin · **To what, where:** building, large church, part, abbey, ruins, old abbey

<!-- .vabout -->
«abbey» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abbey in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abbey.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An abbey is a building, or group of buildings, where monks or nuns live and pray together, led by an abbot or abbess.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:m1:1
# text = An abbey is a building, or group of buildings, where monks or nuns live and pray together, led by an abbot or abbess.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
13	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	nuns	nun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
19	together	together	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	abbess	abbess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a abbey | a building |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | monks or nuns |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pray** | present | monks or nuns *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **lead** | participle |  | a building *not said here* |  |  |  | by a abbot or abbess | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by abbot=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An abbey is also a large church that was once part of such a place, such as Westminster Abbey in London.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:m2:1
# text = An abbey is also a large church that was once part of such a place, such as Westminster Abbey in London.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	11	advmod	_	_
11	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	15	det:predet	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	Westminster	Westminster	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Abbey	Abbey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a abbey | a large church |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | that | part |  |  |  | of such place such Westminster Abbey in London; once *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monks lived and prayed at the abbey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:x1:1
# text = Monks lived and prayed at the abbey.
1	Monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Monks |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **pray** | past | Monks *not said here* |  |  | the abbey |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited the ruins of an old abbey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:x2:1
# text = We visited the ruins of an old abbey.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | the ruins of a old abbey |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ruin=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **ruin** |  |  | a old abbey |  |  |  |  | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kings and queens are crowned in Westminster Abbey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:x3:1
# text = Kings and queens are crowned in Westminster Abbey.
1	Kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	queens	queen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	crowned	crown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Westminster	Westminster	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	Abbey	Abbey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crown** | present · passive |  | Kings and queens |  | Westminster |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abbey bells rang for evening prayers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:x4:1
# text = The abbey bells rang for evening prayers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bells	bell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bell** | present | the abbey |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ring** | past | the abbey *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for evening prayers | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abbot was in charge of the abbey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:x5:1
# text = The abbot was in charge of the abbey.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the abbot |  |  | charge |  | of the abbey | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many abbeys were closed long ago and fell into ruins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:x6:1
# text = Many abbeys were closed long ago and fell into ruins.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	abbeys	abbey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | past · passive |  | Many abbeys |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **fall** | past |  |  |  |  |  | into ruins *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into ruin=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nuns at the abbey made honey and candles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:x7:1
# text = Nuns at the abbey made honey and candles.
1	Nuns	nun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Nuns at the abbey | honey and candles |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent honey=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Llewelyn had local connection with Bedd Gellert, which was the seat of an Augustinian abbey, one of the oldest in Wales.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbey:x8:1
# text = Llewelyn had local connection with Bedd Gellert, which was the seat of an Augustinian abbey, one of the oldest in Wales.
1	Llewelyn	Llewelyn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Bedd	Bedd	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Gellert	Gellert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Augustinian	Augustinian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	18	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Llewelyn | local connection |  |  |  | with Bedd Gellert | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent connection=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | past | local connection | the seat |  |  |  | of a Augustinian abbey | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [abbess](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abbess/)
- next →: [abbot](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abbot/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)