---
title: abbot — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abbot» in the school dictionary: An abbot is the man in charge of an abbey, a community of monks who live, pray and work together. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abbot/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / abbot

# abbot

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** abbot, monks, monk, old abbot, Henry, abbots · **What happens:** be, live, pray, work together, charge, ring · **To what, where:** man, charge, abbey, powerful landowner, Middle Ages, bell

<!-- .vabout -->
«abbot» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abbot in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abbot.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An abbot is the man in charge of an abbey, a community of monks who live, pray and work together.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:m1:1
# text = An abbot is the man in charge of an abbey, a community of monks who live, pray and work together.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
22	together	together	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a abbot | the man and a community of monks |  | charge of a abbey |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | monks |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pray** | present | monks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **work together** | present | monks *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **charge** |  |  | a abbey |  |  |  |  | nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Middle Ages an abbot could also be a powerful landowner, as important as a lord.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:m2:1
# text = In the Middle Ages an abbot could also be a powerful landowner, as important as a lord.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
4	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
8	also	also	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	landowner	landowner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | could | a abbot | a powerful landowner |  |  | in the Middle Ages |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a abbot *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as a lord | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abbot rang the bell for morning prayers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:x1:1
# text = The abbot rang the bell for morning prayers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past | the abbot | the bell |  |  |  | for morning prayers | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bell=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every monk in the abbey obeyed the abbot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:x2:1
# text = Every monk in the abbey obeyed the abbot.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	obeyed	obey	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obey** | past | every monk in the abbey | the abbot |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abbot=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old abbot welcomed the tired travellers and gave them bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:x3:1
# text = The old abbot welcomed the tired travellers and gave them bread.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	welcomed	welcome	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **welcome** | past | the old abbot | the tired travellers |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traveller=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | past | the old abbot *not said here* | bread | travellers *= traveller* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient bread=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In 1539 King Henry VIII closed the abbeys and the abbots lost their lands.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:x4:1
# text = In 1539 King Henry VIII closed the abbeys and the abbots lost their lands.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1539	1539	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:desc	_	_
4	Henry	Henry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	VIII	VIII	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
6	closed	close	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	abbeys	abbey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	abbots	abbot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | past | Henry  King | the abbeys |  |  |  | in 1539 | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent abbey=Patient in 1539=Topic |
| 2 | **lose** | past | the abbots | abbots's lands |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class visited the ruins of an abbey where an abbot once lived.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:x5:1
# text = Our class visited the ruins of an abbey where an abbot once lived.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	13	advmod	_	_
13	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | Our class | the ruins of a abbey |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ruin=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **live** | past | a abbot |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **ruin** |  |  | a abbey |  |  |  |  | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abbot wrote down the rules the monks had to follow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:x6:1
# text = The abbot wrote down the rules the monks had to follow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write down** | past | the abbot | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | the monks | the rules *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **follow** | to-infinitive | the rules *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, a greedy abbot hid the gold under the chapel floor.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abbot:x7:1
# text = In the story, a greedy abbot hid the gold under the chapel floor.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	greedy	greedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	abbot	abbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	chapel	chapel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | a greedy abbot | the gold |  | the story |  | under the chapel floor | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent gold=Patient in story=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [abbey](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abbey/)
- next →: [abbreviated](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abbreviated/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)