---
title: abdominal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abdominal» in the school dictionary: Abdominal means to do with the abdomen, the belly part of the body between the chest and the hips. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abdominal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Abdominal, Abdominals, you, ups, doctor, insect · **What happens:** mean, do, be, sit, make, ask · **To what, where:** muscles, abdominal muscles, abdominal pain, head, abdominal end, seat belt · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abdominal» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abdominal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abdominal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Abdominal means to do with the abdomen, the belly part of the body between the chest and the hips.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:m1:1
# text = Abdominal means to do with the abdomen, the belly part of the body between the chest and the hips.
1	Abdominal	abdominal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	between	between	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hips	hip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Abdominal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the abdomen | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Abdominals (or «abs», informal) are the muscles of the tummy.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:m2:1
# text = Abdominals (or «abs», informal) are the muscles of the tummy.
1	Abdominals	abdominal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	abs	ab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Abdominals | the muscles |  |  |  | of the tummy | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In insects, abdominal means to do with the abdomen, the back part of the body.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:m3:1
# text = In insects, abdominal means to do with the abdomen, the back part of the body.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	abdominal	abdominal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | abdominal |  |  |  |  | in insects | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the abdomen | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sit-ups make your abdominal muscles stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:x1:1
# text = Sit-ups make your abdominal muscles stronger.
1	Sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	abdominal	abdominal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | ups | your abdominal muscles |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset muscle=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor asked if she had any abdominal pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:x2:1
# text = The doctor asked if she had any abdominal pain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	abdominal	abdominal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | doctor | any abdominal pain |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An insect has a head, a thorax and an abdomen; the stinger of a bee is at its abdominal end.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:x3:1
# text = An insect has a head, a thorax and an abdomen; the stinger of a bee is at its abdominal end.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	thorax	thorax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stinger	stinger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	abdominal	abdominal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a insect | a head and a thorax and a abdomen |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | the stinger of a bee |  |  |  | at stinger's abdominal end |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear a seat belt low across your hips, not across your abdominal area.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:x4:1
# text = Wear a seat belt low across your hips, not across your abdominal area.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hips	hip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
11	across	across	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	abdominal	abdominal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | a seat belt |  | your hips |  | across your abdominal area; low *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent belt=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He trained his abs for the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:x5:1
# text = He trained his abs for the race.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trained	train	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	abs	ab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | past | He | his abs |  |  |  | for the race | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ab=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Abdominal pain on the right side can be serious, so tell a grown-up.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abdominal:x6:1
# text = Abdominal pain on the right side can be serious, so tell a grown-up.
1	Abdominal	abdominal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	parataxis	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	grown	grown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Abdominal pain on the right side |  |  |  |  | serious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  | a grown up |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent up=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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