---
title: abide — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abide» in the school dictionary: In «can't abide» / «cannot abide»: to dislike someone or something so much that you cannot put up with them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abide

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Everyone, game, I, people, players · **What happens:** not abide, dislike, not put up, abide by, obey, follow · **To what, where:** someone, rule, people, famous hymn, parties, law · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abide» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abide in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abide.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In «can't abide» / «cannot abide»: to dislike someone or something so much that you cannot put up with them.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:m1:1
# text = In «can't abide» / «cannot abide»: to dislike someone or something so much that you cannot put up with them.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	/	/	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	abide	abide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	dislike	dislike	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
16	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	conj	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	much	much	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **abide** *in a quote* | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **abide** *in a quote* | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **dislike** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **put up** | can | you |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In «abide by»: to obey or follow a rule, law or decision.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:m2:1
# text = In «abide by»: to obey or follow a rule, law or decision.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	obey	obey	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	follow	follow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abide by** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **obey** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **follow** | infinitive |  | a rule and law or decision |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned, Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To live or stay somewhere; to remain: «Abide with me».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:m3:1
# text = To live or stay somewhere; to remain: «Abide with me».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	remain	remain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Abide	abide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stay** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **remain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **abide** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with me | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone must abide by the rules of the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:x1:1
# text = Everyone must abide by the rules of the game.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abide** | must | Everyone |  |  |  |  | by the rules of the game | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the game |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can't abide people who are rude to waiters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:x2:1
# text = I can't abide people who are rude to waiters.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	waiters	waiter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **abide** | can | I | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | people |  |  |  |  | to waiters; rude *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Abide with me» is a famous hymn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:x3:1
# text = «Abide with me» is a famous hymn.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	csubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hymn	hymn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abide** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with me | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a famous hymn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The players agreed to abide by the referee's decision.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:x4:1
# text = The players agreed to abide by the referee's decision.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | the players |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **abide** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the players *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the referee's decision | tree rules |
| 3 | **decide** |  | the referee |  |  |  |  |  | nom decision «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Badger could not abide parties.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:x5:1
# text = The Badger could not abide parties.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **abide** | could | the Badger | parties |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A law-abiding citizen obeys the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abide:x6:1
# text = A law-abiding citizen obeys the law.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	abiding	abide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	obeys	obey	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abide** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **obey** | present | a abiding citizen | the law |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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