---
title: abound — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abound» in the school dictionary: To abound means to exist in large numbers or amounts: «Rabbits abound in these fields.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abound

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rabbits, river, Wildflowers, Great Barrier Reef, Rumours, Mistakes · **What happens:** abound, mean, exist, have, love, appear · **To what, where:** large numbers, fields, something, lots, meadow, homework · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abound» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abound in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abound.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To abound means to exist in large numbers or amounts: «Rabbits abound in these fields.».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:m1:1
# text = To abound means to exist in large numbers or amounts: «Rabbits abound in these fields.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	abound	abound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	abound	abound	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abound** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **exist** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | large numbers or amounts |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in number=Location |
| 4 | **abound** *in a quote* | present | Rabbits |  |  | this fields |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To abound in or with something means to have lots of it: «The river abounds with fish.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:m2:1
# text = To abound in or with something means to have lots of it: «The river abounds with fish.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	abound	abound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	csubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	conj	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	abounds	abound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abound** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | something |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in something=Location |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | lots of it |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |
| 4 | **abound** *in a quote* | present | the river |  |  |  |  | with fish | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fish=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wildflowers abound in the meadow in June.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:x1:1
# text = Wildflowers abound in the meadow in June.
1	Wildflowers	wildflower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	abound	abound	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	meadow	meadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	June	June	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abound** | present | Wildflowers |  |  | the meadow | june |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in meadow=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Great Barrier Reef abounds with colourful fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:x2:1
# text = The Great Barrier Reef abounds with colourful fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Barrier	Barrier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Reef	Reef	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	abounds	abound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	colourful	colourful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abound** | present | the Great Barrier Reef |  |  |  |  | with colourful fish | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fish=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rumours abounded about the new teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:x3:1
# text = Rumours abounded about the new teacher.
1	Rumours	rumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	abounded	abound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abound** | past | Rumours |  |  |  |  | about the new teacher | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about teacher=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stories about the old castle abound in the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:x4:1
# text = Stories about the old castle abound in the village.
1	Stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	abound	abound	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mistakes abound in his homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:x5:1
# text = Mistakes abound in his homework.
1	Mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	abound	abound	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abound** | present | Mistakes |  |  | his homework |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in homework=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Opportunities abound for children who love sport here.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:x6:1
# text = Opportunities abound for children who love sport here.
1	Opportunities	opportunity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	abound	abound	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abound** | present | Opportunities |  |  |  |  | for children | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **love** | present | children | sport |  | here |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sport=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sirens would appear to have been personifications of those numerous rocks and unseen dangers, which abound on the S.W. coast of Italy.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abound:x7:1
# text = The Sirens would appear to have been personifications of those numerous rocks and unseen dangers, which abound on the S.W. coast of Italy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sirens	Siren	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
8	personifications	personification	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
11	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	unseen	unseen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	dangers	danger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	abound	abound	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	S.W	S.W	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
23	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | would | the Sirens | coast of Italy |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | personifications |  |  |  | of that numerous rocks and unseen dangers | tree rules |
| 3 | **abound** | present | that numerous rocks and unseen dangers |  |  | the S.W |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on s.w=Location |

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<!-- /div -->

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