---
title: above — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «above» in the school dictionary: Above means higher than something. The sky is above the ground. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/above/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / above

# above

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sky, temperature, many numbers, She, bird, town · **What happens:** mean, be, see, do, live, fly · **To what, where:** ground, more, picture, all, something, 5 degrees · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«above» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [above in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/above.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above means higher than something. The sky is above the ground.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Above means higher than something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:m1:1
# text = Above means higher than something.
1	Above	above	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | above, high *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The sky is above the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:m1:2
# text = The sky is above the ground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the sky |  |  | the ground |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above also means more than a number or level: above 10, above zero, above average.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:m2:1
# text = Above also means more than a number or level: above 10, above zero, above average.
1	Above	above	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	above	above	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	above	above	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | more |  |  |  | above *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a book, above means earlier on the page: see the picture above.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:m3:1
# text = In a book, above means earlier on the page: see the picture above.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	above	above	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | on the page; in a book; early *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in book=Attribute |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive |  | the picture |  |  |  | above *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above all means most importantly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:m4:1
# text = Above all means most importantly.
1	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	importantly	importantly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | all |  | importantly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above can also mean too proud or too good to do something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:m5:1
# text = Above can also mean too proud or too good to do something.
1	Above	above	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	csubj	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | above *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature is 5 degrees above zero.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x1:1
# text = The temperature is 5 degrees above zero.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the temperature | 5 degrees |  | zero |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many numbers above 20 are in the list?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x2:1
# text = How many numbers above 20 are in the list?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many numbers above 20 |  |  | the list |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She lives 3 floors above Tom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x3:1
# text = She lives 3 floors above Tom.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	floors	floor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | She | 3 floors |  | Tom |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme floor=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird flew 12 m above the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x4:1
# text = The bird flew 12 m above the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the bird | 12 m |  | the tree |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent m=Theme above tree=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town is 300 m above sea level.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x5:1
# text = The town is 300 m above sea level.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the town | 300 m |  | sea level |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hang the picture above the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x6:1
# text = Hang the picture above the bed.
1	Hang	hang	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | imperative | you *not said here* | the picture |  | the bed |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme above bed=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at the table above to answer the question.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x7:1
# text = Look at the table above to answer the question.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	above	above	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the table; above *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at table=Theme |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the question |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above all, be kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x8:1
# text = Above all, be kind.
1	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | all |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His marks were above average.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x9:1
# text = His marks were above average.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His marks |  |  | average |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mark** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was above all that sort of thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:above:x10:1
# text = He was above all that sort of thing.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  | all sort |  | of thing | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [about](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/about/)
- next →: [abracadabra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abracadabra/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)