---
title: abridged — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abridged» in the school dictionary: To abridge a book or story is to make it shorter by leaving parts out, while keeping the main story. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abridged

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** teacher, This, I, class, abridged book · **What happens:** abridge, be, leave out, keep, mean, shorten · **To what, where:** book, parts, main story, way, long story, abridged version · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abridged» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abridged in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abridged.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To abridge a book or story is to make it shorter by leaving parts out, while keeping the main story.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridged:m1:1
# text = To abridge a book or story is to make it shorter by leaving parts out, while keeping the main story.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	abridge	abridge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	_
12	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
14	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abridge** | to-infinitive |  | a book or story |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent book=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make, short *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave out** | gerund |  | parts |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |
| 4 | **keep** | gerund |  | the main story |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Abridged means shortened in this way: an abridged version.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridged:m2:1
# text = Abridged means shortened in this way: an abridged version.
1	Abridged	abridge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	shortened	shorten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	abridged	abridge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abridge** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **shorten** | participle |  |  |  | this way and a abridged version |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **abridge** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher abridged the long story for us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridged:x1:1
# text = The teacher abridged the long story for us.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	abridged	abridge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abridge** | past | the teacher | the long story |  |  |  | for us | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent story=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is an abridged version of the tale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridged:x2:1
# text = This is an abridged version of the tale.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	abridged	abridge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abridge** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | This | a abridged version |  |  |  | of the tale | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I abridged the rules so the class could read them quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridged:x3:1
# text = I abridged the rules so the class could read them quickly.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	abridged	abridge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abridge** | past | I | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 2 | **read** | could | the class | rules *= rule* |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abridged book is only forty pages long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridged:x4:1
# text = The abridged book is only forty pages long.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	abridged	abridge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abridge** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | the abridged book |  |  |  |  | forty pages *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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