---
title: abridgment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abridgment» in the school dictionary: An abridgment is a shorter version of a book, story or speech, with the main parts kept and the rest left out. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abridgment

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**Who acts:** abridgment, main parts, book, short abridgment · **What happens:** be, keep, leave out, read · **To what, where:** shorter version, rest, abridgment, long speeches, one lesson

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«abridgment» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abridgment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abridgment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An abridgment is a shorter version of a book, story or speech, with the main parts kept and the rest left out.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridgment:m1:1
# text = An abridgment is a shorter version of a book, story or speech, with the main parts kept and the rest left out.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abridgment	abridgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
23	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	out	out	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a abridgment | a shorter version |  |  |  | of a book and story or speech | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | past | the main parts |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **leave out** | participle |  | the rest *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This book is an abridgment of the Odyssey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridgment:x1:1
# text = This book is an abridgment of the Odyssey.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	abridgment	abridgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Odyssey	Odyssey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this book | a abridgment |  |  |  | of the Odyssey | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abridgment left out the long speeches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridgment:x2:1
# text = The abridgment left out the long speeches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abridgment	abridgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	speeches	speech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | participle | the abridgment *not said here* | the long speeches |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Here is an abridgment of one of these stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridgment:x3:1
# text = Here is an abridgment of one of these stories.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	abridgment	abridgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a abridgment of one of this stories |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The short abridgment was easy to read in one lesson.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abridgment:x4:1
# text = The short abridgment was easy to read in one lesson.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	abridgment	abridgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the short abridgment |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | the short abridgment *not said here* |  |  | one lesson |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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