---
title: abruptly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abruptly» in the school dictionary: Suddenly and unexpectedly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abruptly/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / abruptly

# abruptly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** music, She, road, he, temperature, line · **What happens:** stop, stand up, leave, end, say, drop · **To what, where:** room, fence, boy, cattle, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abruptly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abruptly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abruptly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suddenly and unexpectedly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:m1:1
# text = Suddenly and unexpectedly.
1	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	unexpectedly	unexpectedly	ADV	RB	_	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a short, rude or unfriendly way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:m2:1
# text = In a short, rude or unfriendly way.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	unfriendly	unfriendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The music stopped abruptly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:x1:1
# text = The music stopped abruptly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the music |  |  |  |  | abruptly *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She stood up abruptly and left the room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:x2:1
# text = She stood up abruptly and left the room.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past | She |  |  |  |  | abruptly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **leave** | past | She *not said here* | the room |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road ended abruptly at a fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:x3:1
# text = The road ended abruptly at a fence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the road |  |  | a fence |  | abruptly *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"No," he said abruptly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:x4:1
# text = "No," he said abruptly.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  | abruptly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature dropped abruptly at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:x5:1
# text = The temperature dropped abruptly at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | the temperature |  |  |  | night | abruptly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The line on the graph rises abruptly after the third day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:x6:1
# text = The line on the graph rises abruptly after the third day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | present | the line on the graph |  |  |  | day | abruptly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘I want a boy to tend my cattle,’ he said abruptly, ‘as the one I had has run away.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abruptly:x7:1
# text = ‘I want a boy to tend my cattle,’ he said abruptly, ‘as the one I had has run away.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	tend	tend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
16	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
24	away	away	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | I | a boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a boy *not said here* | my cattle |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | boy |  |  |  |  | abruptly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **have** | past | I | the one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |
| 5 | **run away** | present · perfect · passive |  | the one |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [abrupt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abrupt/)
- next →: [abs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/abs/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)