---
title: abscise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abscise» in the school dictionary: To abscise means for a plant to drop a leaf, flower or fruit by forming a special layer of cells where it joins the stem. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abscise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** layer, oak trees, plant, corky layer, trees, it · **What happens:** abscise, mean, drop, form, join, cut off · **To what, where:** leaf, special layer, stem, something, leaves, flowers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abscise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abscise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abscise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To abscise means for a plant to drop a leaf, flower or fruit by forming a special layer of cells where it joins the stem.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abscise:m1:1
# text = To abscise means for a plant to drop a leaf, flower or fruit by forming a special layer of cells where it joins the stem.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	abscise	abscise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	drop	drop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	forming	form	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	24	advmod	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	stem	stem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abscise** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for a plant | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for plant=Attribute |
| 3 | **drop** | to-infinitive |  | a leaf and flower or fruit |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |
| 4 | **form** | gerund |  | a special layer of cells |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location layer=Theme |
| 5 | **join** | present | layer | the stem |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stem=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To abscise also means to cut something off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abscise:m2:1
# text = To abscise also means to cut something off.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	abscise	abscise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abscise** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cut off** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In autumn, oak and maple trees abscise their leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abscise:x1:1
# text = In autumn, oak and maple trees abscise their leaves.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	maple	maple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	abscise	abscise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abscise** | present | oak trees | trees's leaves |  |  | autumn |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plant abscises flowers that were not pollinated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abscise:x2:1
# text = The plant abscises flowers that were not pollinated.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	abscises	abscise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	pollinated	pollinate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abscise** | present | the plant | flowers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **pollinate** | past · passive |  | flowers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A corky layer forms before the leaf is abscised.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abscise:x3:1
# text = A corky layer forms before the leaf is abscised.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	corky	corky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	abscised	abscise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | a corky layer |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **abscise** | present · passive |  | the leaf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some trees abscise small fruits when it is too dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abscise:x4:1
# text = Some trees abscise small fruits when it is too dry.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	abscise	abscise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fruits	fruit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abscise** | present | some trees | small fruits |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists study how plants decide when to abscise their leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abscise:x5:1
# text = Scientists study how plants decide when to abscise their leaves.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	decide	decide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	abscise	abscise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **decide** | present | plants |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **abscise** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | plants's leaves |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Evergreen trees abscise old needles a few at a time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abscise:x6:1
# text = Evergreen trees abscise old needles a few at a time.
1	Evergreen	evergreen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	abscise	abscise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	needles	needle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abscise** | present | Evergreen trees | old needles |  |  |  | a few *obl* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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