---
title: absence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «absence» in the school dictionary: Absence is being away from a place, like school or work, when you should be there. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# absence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Absence, you, someone, none, She, Your · **What happens:** be, mean, not be, absent, have, notice · **To what, where:** place, time, something, three absences, school, absence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«absence» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [absence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/absence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Absence is being away from a place, like school or work, when you should be there.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:m1:1
# text = Absence is being away from a place, like school or work, when you should be there.
1	Absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
18	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Absence |  |  | a place and school or work |  | away *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | should | you |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An absence is a time when someone is away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:m2:1
# text = An absence is a time when someone is away.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a absence | a time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | away *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Absence of something means it is not there or there is none of it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:m3:1
# text = Absence of something means it is not there or there is none of it.
1	Absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	nmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	ccomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	11	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Absence of something |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | Absence |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **absent** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had three absences from school this term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:x1:1
# text = She had three absences from school this term.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	absences	absence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | three absences |  | school |  | this term *obl:unmarked* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent absence=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your absence was noticed at the meeting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:x2:1
# text = Your absence was noticed at the meeting.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | past · passive |  | Your absence |  | the meeting |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **absent** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the absence of light, plants cannot make food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:x3:1
# text = In the absence of light, plants cannot make food.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | can | plants | food |  | the absence of light |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Product |
| 2 | **absent** |  |  | light |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a long absence, the swallows returned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:x4:1
# text = After a long absence, the swallows returned.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	swallows	swallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | the swallows |  |  |  | after a long absence |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were 28 pupils and 3 absences, so 25 were present.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:x5:1
# text = There were 28 pupils and 3 absences, so 25 were present.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	28	28	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	absences	absence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | 28 pupils and 3 absences |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | 25 |  |  |  |  | present *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The absence of rain made the grass turn brown.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:x6:1
# text = The absence of rain made the grass turn brown.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the absence of rain |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present | the grass |  |  |  |  | brown *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **absent** |  |  | rain |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher marked his absence in the register.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:x7:1
# text = The teacher marked his absence in the register.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marked	mark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	register	register	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | past | the teacher | teacher's absence |  | the register |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent absence=Theme in register=Destination |
| 2 | **absent** |  | teacher |  |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In his absence things are usually quiet on the island.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absence:x8:1
# text = In his absence things are usually quiet on the island.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | his absence things |  | on the island; quiet, usually *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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