---
title: absent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «absent» in the school dictionary: Absent means not here, not in the place where someone is expected to be, such as school or work. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# absent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Absent, Snow, Tom, teacher, Colour, Grandpa · **What happens:** not mean, expect, be, mean, mind, think · **To what, where:** someone, school, cold, three children, old black photos, glasses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«absent» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [absent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/absent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Absent means not here, not in the place where someone is expected to be, such as school or work.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:m1:1
# text = Absent means not here, not in the place where someone is expected to be, such as school or work.
1	Absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present | Absent |  |  | here |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **expect** | present · passive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | such school or work | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Absent means missing or not there at all, as in «Snow was absent this winter».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:m2:1
# text = Absent means missing or not there at all, as in «Snow was absent this winter».
1	Absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Absent |  |  |  |  | missing *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past | Snow |  |  |  | winter | absent *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Absent-minded means forgetful, thinking about something else.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:m3:1
# text = Absent-minded means forgetful, thinking about something else.
1	Absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	minded	mind	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	forgetful	forgetful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
10	else	else	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mind** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | forgetful *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about something | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom was absent from school because he had a cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:x1:1
# text = Tom was absent from school because he had a cold.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Tom |  |  | school |  | absent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | Tom | a cold |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who is absent today?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:x2:1
# text = Who is absent today?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | today | absent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher marked three children absent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:x3:1
# text = The teacher marked three children absent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marked	mark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | past | the teacher | three children |  |  |  | absent *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent child=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colour was absent from the old black-and-white photos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:x4:1
# text = Colour was absent from the old black-and-white photos.
1	Colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
12	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Colour |  |  | the old black photos |  | absent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa is a bit absent-minded and often loses his glasses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:x5:1
# text = Grandpa is a bit absent-minded and often loses his glasses.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	minded	minded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grandpa |  |  |  |  | a bit *obl:unmarked*; minded *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | present | Grandpa *not said here* | his glasses |  |  |  | often *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you are absent, bring a note from home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:x6:1
# text = If you are absent, bring a note from home.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | absent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | imperative | you *not said here* | a note |  | home |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent note=Theme from home=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish are absent from this salty lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:x7:1
# text = Fish are absent from this salty lake.
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
6	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fish |  |  | this salty lake |  | absent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
While he was absent the boy woke up and dressed himself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absent:x8:1
# text = While he was absent the boy woke up and dressed himself.
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	dressed	dress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | absent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wake up** | past | the absent boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **dress** | past | the absent boy *not said here* | boy |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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