---
title: absorption — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «absorption» in the school dictionary: The taking in of a liquid, gas, heat or light by something: a sponge's absorption of water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# absorption

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, sponge, way food, her, We, Black clothes · **What happens:** take, absorb, pass, be, test, have · **To what, where:** liquid, water, absorption, body, food, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«absorption» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [absorption in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/absorption.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The taking in of a liquid, gas, heat or light by something: a sponge's absorption of water.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:m1:1
# text = The taking in of a liquid, gas, heat or light by something: a sponge's absorption of water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	taking	taking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sponge	sponge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** |  | something |  |  | a liquid |  |  | nom taking «act transitive»: in=place by=agent |
| 2 | **absorb** |  | a sponge | water |  |  |  |  | nom absorption «process transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way food or medicine passes into the body or blood: absorption of food in the gut.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:m2:1
# text = The way food or medicine passes into the body or blood: absorption of food in the gut.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	gut	gut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | the way food or medicine | absorption of food in the gut |  | the body or blood |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into body=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **absorb** |  |  | food in the gut |  |  |  |  | nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being completely interested in something: her absorption in the book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:m3:1
# text = Being completely interested in something: her absorption in the book.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	cop	_	_
2	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	interested	interested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  | something |  | completely, interested *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **absorb** |  | her *= she* |  |  | the book |  |  | nom absorption «process transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested the absorption of three kinds of paper towel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:x1:1
# text = We tested the absorption of three kinds of paper towel.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	towel	towel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We | the absorption of three kinds of paper towel |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent absorption=Theme |
| 2 | **absorb** |  |  | three kinds of paper towel |  |  |  |  | nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Black clothes have high absorption of the sun's heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:x2:1
# text = Black clothes have high absorption of the sun's heat.
1	Black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Black clothes | high absorption of the sun's heat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent absorption=Patient |
| 2 | **absorb** |  |  | the sun's heat |  |  |  |  | nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **heat** |  | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The absorption of food happens mostly in the small intestine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:x3:1
# text = The absorption of food happens mostly in the small intestine.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	intestine	intestine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | the absorption of food |  |  | the small intestine |  | mostly *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in intestine=Location |
| 2 | **absorb** |  |  | food |  |  |  |  | nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plant roots take in water by absorption.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:x4:1
# text = Plant roots take in water by absorption.
1	Plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take in** | present | Plant roots | water |  |  |  | by absorption | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her absorption in the puzzle meant she did not hear the bell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:x5:1
# text = Her absorption in the puzzle meant she did not hear the bell.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | Her absorption in the puzzle |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **hear** | past · do-support | absorption | the bell |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bell=Stimulus |
| 3 | **absorb** |  | Her *= she* |  |  | the puzzle |  |  | nom absorption «process transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paper towel A soaked up 30 ml and B soaked up 45 ml, so B had better absorption.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:x6:1
# text = Paper towel A soaked up 30 ml and B soaked up 45 ml, so B had better absorption.
1	Paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	towel	towel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	soaked	soak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	ml	ml	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	B	B	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	soaked	soak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	acl	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	45	45	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	ml	ml	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	B	B	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **soak up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **soak up** | participle | B *not said here* | 45 ml |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent ml=Source |
| 3 | **have** | past | B | better absorption |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent absorption=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sand has fast absorption of rainwater.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:absorption:x7:1
# text = Sand has fast absorption of rainwater.
1	Sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sand | fast absorption of rainwater |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent absorption=Patient |
| 2 | **absorb** |  |  | rainwater |  |  |  |  | nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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