---
title: abundance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abundance» in the school dictionary: A very large amount of something, more than enough. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abundance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** state, abundance, Wild flowers, rainforest, class, rains · **What happens:** amount, have, be, grow, bring, find · **To what, where:** something, plenty, things, abundance, farms, Fresh water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abundance» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abundance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abundance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very large amount of something, more than enough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:m1:1
# text = A very large amount of something, more than enough.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **amount** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state of having plenty, being rich in things such as food or water.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:m2:1
# text = The state of having plenty, being rich in things such as food or water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	plenty	plenty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
8	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | the state *not said here* | plenty |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | the state |  |  | things such food or water |  | rich *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was an abundance of apples in the orchard this autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:x1:1
# text = There was an abundance of apples in the orchard this autumn.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	orchard	orchard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a abundance of apples in the orchard |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wild flowers grow in abundance by the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:x2:1
# text = Wild flowers grow in abundance by the river.
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Wild flowers |  |  | abundance |  | by the river | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in abundance=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rainforest has an abundance of animals and plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:x3:1
# text = The rainforest has an abundance of animals and plants.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the rainforest | a abundance of animals and plants |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abundance=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class had an abundance of ideas for the school fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:x4:1
# text = Our class had an abundance of ideas for the school fair.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Our class | a abundance of ideas for the school fair |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abundance=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the long drought, the rains brought abundance to the farms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:x5:1
# text = After the long drought, the rains brought abundance to the farms.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	drought	drought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rains	rain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the rains | abundance |  | the farms | after the long drought |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent abundance=Theme to farm=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fresh water is found in abundance in Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:x6:1
# text = Fresh water is found in abundance in Canada.
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · passive |  | Fresh water |  | abundance in Canada |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher said we had an abundance of time, so no need to rush.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:x7:1
# text = The teacher said we had an abundance of time, so no need to rush.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	rush	rush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past | we | a abundance of time |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abundance=Patient |
| 3 | **rush** | to-infinitive | the teacher *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The peasants were quite contented with this arrangement, which gave them food and money in abundance.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundance:x8:1
# text = The peasants were quite contented with this arrangement, which gave them food and money in abundance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	contented	content	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	arrangement	arrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **content** | past · passive |  | the peasants |  |  |  | with this arrangement | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **give** | past |  | food and money | peasants *= peasant* | abundance |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient food=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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