---
title: abundant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abundant» in the school dictionary: Existing in large amounts; more than enough. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abundant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fruit, rivers, Hydrogen, Rain, 12, Wildlife · **What happens:** exist, be, stand, bear · **To what, where:** large amounts, abundant element, universe, abundant number, national park, abundant crop

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«abundant» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abundant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abundant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Existing in large amounts; more than enough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:m1:1
# text = Existing in large amounts; more than enough.
1	Existing	exist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	8	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | gerund |  |  |  | large amounts |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in amount=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rich in something: abundant in fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:m2:1
# text = Rich in something: abundant in fish.
1	Rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fruit is abundant in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:x1:1
# text = Fruit is abundant in summer.
1	Fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fruit |  |  |  | summer | abundant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rivers here are abundant in fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:x2:1
# text = The rivers here are abundant in fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the rivers |  |  |  |  | in fish; abundant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:x3:1
# text = Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.
1	Hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hydrogen | the abundant element |  | the universe |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain was abundant this spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:x4:1
# text = Rain was abundant this spring.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Rain |  |  |  | spring | abundant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
12 is an abundant number because 1+2+3+4+6 = 16, which is more than 12.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:x5:1
# text = 12 is an abundant number because 1+2+3+4+6 = 16, which is more than 12.
1	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
7	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	9	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	11	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	13	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	15	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	_
16	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	17	dep	_	_
17	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	advmod	_	_
22	than	than	ADP	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | 12 | a abundant number |  |  |  | 12 *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | more *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wildlife is abundant in the national park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:x6:1
# text = Wildlife is abundant in the national park.
1	Wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Wildlife |  |  | the national park |  | abundant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A WALNUT TREE standing by the roadside bore an abundant crop of fruit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abundant:x7:1
# text = A WALNUT TREE standing by the roadside bore an abundant crop of fruit.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	WALNUT	WALNUT	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	TREE	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	roadside	roadside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	crop	crop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | gerund | a WALNUT TREE *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the roadside | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by roadside=Location |
| 2 | **bear** | past | a WALNUT TREE | a abundant crop of fruit |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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