---
title: abusive — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abusive» in the school dictionary: Using rude, insulting or cruel words: «abusive language». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abusive

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** referee, one, adult, you, website, shop sign · **What happens:** use, treat, hurt, report, block, send off · **To what, where:** rude words, someone, them, something, Abusive messages, player · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abusive» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abusive in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/abusive.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using rude, insulting or cruel words: «abusive language».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:m1:1
# text = Using rude, insulting or cruel words: «abusive language».
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	insulting	insulting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | rude words |  |  |  | abusive language *obl* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Treating someone cruelly or violently, hurting them again and again: «an abusive relationship».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:m2:1
# text = Treating someone cruelly or violently, hurting them again and again: «an abusive relationship».
1	Treating	treat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	hurting	hurt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  | cruelly *property* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent someone=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **hurt** | gerund |  | them *= they* |  |  | again |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using something wrongly or unfairly, especially power.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:m3:1
# text = Using something wrongly or unfairly, especially power.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	unfairly	unfairly	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | power *obl*; wrongly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Abusive messages should be reported and blocked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:x1:1
# text = Abusive messages should be reported and blocked.
1	Abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	reported	report	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	blocked	block	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | should · passive |  | Abusive messages |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **block** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The referee sent off the player for abusive language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:x2:1
# text = The referee sent off the player for abusive language.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send off** | participle | the referee *not said here* | the player |  |  |  | for abusive language | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent player=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No one deserves to be in an abusive home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:x3:1
# text = No one deserves to be in an abusive home.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	deserves	deserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deserve** | present | no one |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | no one *not said here* |  |  | a abusive home |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If an adult is abusive to you, tell a teacher you trust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:x4:1
# text = If an adult is abusive to you, tell a teacher you trust.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	trust	trust	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a adult |  | you |  |  | abusive *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |
| 3 | **trust** | present | you | a teacher *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The website removes abusive comments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:x5:1
# text = The website removes abusive comments.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	removes	remove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	comments	comment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | present | the website | abusive comments |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comment=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop sign said staff will not accept abusive behaviour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:x6:1
# text = The shop sign said staff will not accept abusive behaviour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	staff	staff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	accept	accept	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
9	abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the shop sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **accept** | future | staff | abusive behaviour |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent behaviour=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turning upon him, in her anger and disappointment she called the poor man all the abusive names that she could think of.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:abusive:x7:1
# text = Turning upon him, in her anger and disappointment she called the poor man all the abusive names that she could think of.
1	Turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	disappointment	disappointment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	18	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	abusive	abusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | upon him *= he* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme upon he=Trajectory |
| 2 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | she | the poor man |  | her anger and disappointment |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | could | she | all abusive names *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot name=Theme |
| 4 | **anger** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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