---
title: accumulated — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «accumulated» in the school dictionary: Accumulated means gathered or collected bit by bit over time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# accumulated

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Snow, He, accumulated savings, Her, class, Fox · **What happens:** accumulate, mean, gather, collect, describe, build up · **To what, where:** bit, adjective, total amount, roof, 250 points, game · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«accumulated» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [accumulated in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/accumulated.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Accumulated means gathered or collected bit by bit over time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:m1:1
# text = Accumulated means gathered or collected bit by bit over time.
1	Accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	collected	collect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **gather** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **collect** | participle |  | bit |  |  |  | by bit over time | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Accumulated (adjective) describes the total amount that has built up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:m2:1
# text = Accumulated (adjective) describes the total amount that has built up.
1	Accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | participle |  | adjective |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent adjective=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  | the total amount |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent amount=Theme |
| 3 | **build up** | present · perfect · passive |  | the total amount |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snow accumulated on the roof overnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:x1:1
# text = Snow accumulated on the roof overnight.
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | participle | Snow |  |  | the roof |  | overnight *property* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He accumulated 250 points in the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:x2:1
# text = He accumulated 250 points in the game.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	250	250	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | past | He | 250 points |  | the game |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent point=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dust had accumulated under the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:x3:1
# text = Dust had accumulated under the bed.
1	Dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | past · perfect · passive |  | Dust |  | the bed |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her accumulated savings came to 80 pounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:x4:1
# text = Her accumulated savings came to 80 pounds.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	savings	savings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	80	80	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | Her accumulated savings |  |  | 80 pounds |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to pound=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **save** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaves accumulated in the gutter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:x5:1
# text = Leaves accumulated in the gutter.
1	Leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gutter	gutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | participle |  | Leaves *not said here* |  | the gutter |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Over the term, the class accumulated 40 stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:x6:1
# text = Over the term, the class accumulated 40 stars.
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | past | the class | 40 stars |  | the term |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent star=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubbish accumulated on the beach after the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:x7:1
# text = Rubbish accumulated on the beach after the storm.
1	Rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | participle |  | Rubbish *not said here* |  | the beach after the storm |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Fox accumulated all that they had killed into one large heap and left to himself the smallest possible morsel.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulated:x8:1
# text = The Fox accumulated all that they had killed into one large heap and left to himself the smallest possible morsel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	obl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	20	amod	_	_
19	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	morsel	morsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | past | the Fox | all |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive |  | they |  | one large heap |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | the smallest possible morsel | Fox |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent morsel=Theme to himself=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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