---
title: accumulation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «accumulation» in the school dictionary: The slow collecting or building up of something over time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# accumulation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thick accumulation, accumulation, Rivers, savings, Her, weather report · **What happens:** build up, be, accumulate, close, leave, grow · **To what, where:** amount, dust, road, snow, accumulation, mouths · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«accumulation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [accumulation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/accumulation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The slow collecting or building up of something over time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulation:m1:1
# text = The slow collecting or building up of something over time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	collecting	collecting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	building	build	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of something | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pile or amount that has built up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulation:m2:1
# text = A pile or amount that has built up.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build up** | present · perfect · passive |  | amount |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a thick accumulation of dust under the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulation:x1:1
# text = There was a thick accumulation of dust under the bed.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a thick accumulation of dust under the bed |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **accumulate** |  |  | dust under the bed |  |  |  |  | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The accumulation of snow closed the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulation:x2:1
# text = The accumulation of snow closed the road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | participle | the accumulation of snow *not said here* | the road |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |
| 2 | **accumulate** |  |  | snow |  |  |  |  | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rivers leave an accumulation of mud at their mouths.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulation:x3:1
# text = Rivers leave an accumulation of mud at their mouths.
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mouths	mouth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | Rivers | a accumulation of mud |  | Rivers's mouths |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent accumulation=Theme at mouth=Location |
| 2 | **accumulate** |  |  | mud |  |  |  |  | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her savings grew by slow accumulation of pocket money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulation:x4:1
# text = Her savings grew by slow accumulation of pocket money.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	savings	savings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	pocket	pocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Her savings |  |  |  |  | by slow accumulation of pocket money | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by accumulation=Location |
| 2 | **save** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
| 3 | **accumulate** |  |  | pocket money |  |  |  |  | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An accumulation of rubbish attracted rats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulation:x5:1
# text = An accumulation of rubbish attracted rats.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	attracted	attract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attract** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **accumulate** |  |  | rubbish |  |  |  |  | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The weather report said to expect a large accumulation of rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accumulation:x6:1
# text = The weather report said to expect a large accumulation of rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	expect	expect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the weather report |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **expect** | to-infinitive |  | a large accumulation of rain |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent accumulation=Theme |
| 3 | **accumulate** |  |  | rain |  |  |  |  | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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