---
title: accusing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «accusing» in the school dictionary: Accusing is the -ing form of «accuse»: saying someone did something wrong. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# accusing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Accusing, someone, accusing look, you, She, it · **What happens:** be, say, do, accuse, show, think · **To what, where:** ing form, something, me, cake, accusing look, him · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«accusing» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [accusing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/accusing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Accusing is the -ing form of «accuse»: saying someone did something wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:m1:1
# text = Accusing is the -ing form of «accuse»: saying someone did something wrong.
1	Accusing	accusing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	accuse	accuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	nsubj	_	_
14	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	_
16	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Accusing | the ing form |  |  |  | of accuse | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Accusing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | past | someone | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, an accusing look, voice or finger shows that you think someone has done something wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:m2:1
# text = As an adjective, an accusing look, voice or finger shows that you think someone has done something wrong.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
16	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	nsubj	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	ccomp	_	_
19	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obj	_	_
20	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | present | a accusing look and voice or finger |  |  |  |  | as a adjective | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **do** | present · perfect | someone | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Are you accusing me of eating the cake?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x1:1
# text = Are you accusing me of eating the cake?
1	Are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | present · progressive | you | me |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | gerund | you *not said here* | the cake |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave him an accusing look.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x2:1
# text = She gave him an accusing look.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a accusing look | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient look=Theme |
| 2 | **accuse** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop accusing your brother; it might have been the dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x3:1
# text = Stop accusing your brother; it might have been the dog.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
7	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **accuse** | gerund | you *not said here* | your brother |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent brother=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | might · perfect | it | the dog |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He pointed an accusing finger at the broken window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x4:1
# text = He pointed an accusing finger at the broken window.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pointed	point	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point** | past | He | a accusing finger |  | the broken window |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |
| 2 | **accuse** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat stared with accusing eyes at its empty bowl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x5:1
# text = The cat stared with accusing eyes at its empty bowl.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stare** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **accuse** | gerund | the cat *not said here* | eyes |  | cat's empty bowl |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent eye=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They kept accusing each other of cheating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x6:1
# text = They kept accusing each other of cheating.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | They |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **accuse** | gerund | They *not said here* | each other |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent other=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her voice sounded accusing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x7:1
# text = Her voice sounded accusing.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | past | Her voice |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **accuse** | gerund | Her voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before accusing anyone, check the facts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x8:1
# text = Before accusing anyone, check the facts.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
3	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | gerund | you *not said here* | anyone |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent anyone=Theme |
| 2 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | the facts |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What is the use of accusing him?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:accusing:x9:1
# text = What is the use of accusing him?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	accusing	accuse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the use |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **accuse** | gerund | the use *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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