---
title: acid — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «acid» in the school dictionary: An acid is a chemical substance that tastes sour; strong acids can burn skin and dissolve metals. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# acid

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** acid, chemical substance, strong acids, Lemon juice, Vinegar, Acids · **What happens:** be, taste, burn, dissolve, mean, contain · **To what, where:** chemical substance, skin, metals, acid, unkind sharp words, weak acid

<!-- .vabout -->
«acid» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [acid in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/acid.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An acid is a chemical substance that tastes sour; strong acids can burn skin and dissolve metals.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:m1:1
# text = An acid is a chemical substance that tastes sour; strong acids can burn skin and dissolve metals.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	acids	acid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
15	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	dissolve	dissolve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
18	metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a acid | a chemical substance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **taste** | present | a chemical substance |  |  |  |  | sour *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **burn** | can | strong acids | skin |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |
| 4 | **dissolve** | infinitive | strong acids *not said here* | metals |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent metal=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acid (adjective) or acidic means containing acid or tasting sour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:m2:1
# text = Acid (adjective) or acidic means containing acid or tasting sour.
1	Acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	acidic	acidic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	containing	contain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	tasting	taste	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	conj	_	_
12	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Acid and adjective |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **contain** *not said to happen* | gerund | Acid and adjective *not said here* | acid |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot acid=Theme |
| 3 | **taste** | gerund | Acid and adjective *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sour *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acid can describe unkind, sharp words, like an acid remark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:m3:1
# text = Acid can describe unkind, sharp words, like an acid remark.
1	Acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	acid	acid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	remark	remark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can | Acid | unkind sharp words |  |  |  | like a acid remark | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent word=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lemon juice is an acid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x1:1
# text = Lemon juice is an acid.
1	Lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lemon juice | a acid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vinegar is a weak acid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x2:1
# text = Vinegar is a weak acid.
1	Vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Vinegar | a weak acid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x3:1
# text = Acids turn blue litmus paper red.
1	Acids	acid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	litmus	litmus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	red	red	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Acids | paper red |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent red=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never touch strong acids; they can burn your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x4:1
# text = Never touch strong acids; they can burn your skin.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	acids	acid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **touch** | imperative | you *not said here* | strong acids |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme acid=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | can | acids *= acid* | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your stomach makes acid to break down food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x5:1
# text = Your stomach makes acid to break down food.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Your stomach | acid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break down** | to-infinitive | acid *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar turns into acid that harms your teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x6:1
# text = Sugar turns into acid that harms your teeth.
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Sugar |  |  | acid |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into acid=Trajectory |
| 2 | **harm** | present | acid | your teeth |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus tooth=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acid rain can damage statues and trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x7:1
# text = Acid rain can damage statues and trees.
1	Acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	statues	statue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | can | Acid rain | statues and trees |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statue=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear goggles when working with acids.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x8:1
# text = Wear goggles when working with acids.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	goggles	goggle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
4	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	acids	acid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | goggles |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent goggle=Source |
| 2 | **work** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with acids | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with acid=Co-Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We might take him some acid drops." So they went.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* We might take him some acid drops."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x9:1
# text = We might take him some acid drops."
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	acid	acid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	drops	drop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | might | We | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Theme drop=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* So they went.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acid:x9:2
# text = So they went.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | drops *= drop* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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