---
title: acknowledge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «acknowledge» in the school dictionary: To admit or accept that something is true. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# acknowledge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, you, He, She, author, team · **What happens:** admit, accept, be, show, notice, receive · **To what, where:** something, credit, someone, vase, me, receipt · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«acknowledge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [acknowledge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/acknowledge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To admit or accept that something is true.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:m1:1
# text = To admit or accept that something is true.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	admit	admit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	accept	accept	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admit** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **accept** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To show that you have noticed or received something, like a wave or a letter.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:m2:1
# text = To show that you have noticed or received something, like a wave or a letter.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **notice** | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **receive** | participle | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To thank or give credit to someone publicly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:m3:1
# text = To thank or give credit to someone publicly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	thank	thank	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	credit	credit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
8	publicly	publicly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | infinitive |  | credit | someone |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent credit=Theme to someone=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He finally acknowledged that he had broken the vase.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:x1:1
# text = He finally acknowledged that he had broken the vase.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	vase	vase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acknowledge** | past | He |  |  |  |  | finally *property* | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **break** | past · perfect | he | the vase |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vase=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She acknowledged me with a nod.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:x2:1
# text = She acknowledged me with a nod.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	nod	nod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acknowledge** | past | She | me |  |  |  | with a nod | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please acknowledge receipt of this email.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:x3:1
# text = Please acknowledge receipt of this email.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	receipt	receipt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acknowledge** | imperative | you *not said here* | receipt of this email |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent receipt=Topic |
| 2 | **receipt** |  |  | this email |  |  |  |  | nom receipt «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The author acknowledged her family at the start of the book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:x4:1
# text = The author acknowledged her family at the start of the book.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acknowledge** | past | the author | author's family |  | the start of the book |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Topic |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | the book |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team acknowledged that they had played badly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:x5:1
# text = The team acknowledged that they had played badly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acknowledge** | past | the team |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **play** | past · perfect | they |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He walked past without acknowledging us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:x6:1
# text = He walked past without acknowledging us.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	past	past	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	acknowledging	acknowledge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | He |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **acknowledge** | gerund | He *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For once, Hercules acknowledges himself vanquished."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledge:x7:1
# text = For once, Hercules acknowledges himself vanquished."
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Hercules	Hercules	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	nsubj	_	_
7	vanquished	vanquish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acknowledge** | present | Hercules |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **vanquish** | past | Hercules |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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