---
title: acknowledgement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «acknowledgement» in the school dictionary: An acknowledgement is admitting or accepting that something is true. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# acknowledgement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** acknowledgement, something, sign, Acknowledgements, He, author · **What happens:** admit, accept, be, show, receive, notice · **To what, where:** message, something, words, family, acknowledgements, acknowledgement · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«acknowledgement» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [acknowledgement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/acknowledgement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An acknowledgement is admitting or accepting that something is true.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:m1:1
# text = An acknowledgement is admitting or accepting that something is true.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	admitting	admit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	accepting	accept	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admit** *speech: other* | present · progressive | a acknowledgement |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **accept** | gerund | a acknowledgement *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An acknowledgement is a message or sign showing that something was received or noticed.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:m2:1
# text = An acknowledgement is a message or sign showing that something was received or noticed.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a acknowledgement | a message or sign |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | sign *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **receive** | past · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **notice** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acknowledgements are words of thanks, often at the front or back of a book.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:m3:1
# text = Acknowledgements are words of thanks, often at the front or back of a book.
1	Acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Acknowledgements | words |  |  |  | of thanks at the front of a book or back | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He nodded in acknowledgement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:x1:1
# text = He nodded in acknowledgement.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	nodded	nod	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nod** | past | He |  |  |  |  | in acknowledgement | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in acknowledgement=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The author thanks her family in the acknowledgements.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:x2:1
# text = The author thanks her family in the acknowledgements.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thanks	thank	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present | the author | author's family |  | the acknowledgements |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We received an acknowledgement of our order by email.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:x3:1
# text = We received an acknowledgement of our order by email.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past | We | a acknowledgement of our order by email |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent acknowledgement=Theme |
| 2 | **order** |  | email | our |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: poss=patient by=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The medal was given in acknowledgement of her bravery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:x4:1
# text = The medal was given in acknowledgement of her bravery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	medal	medal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive |  | the medal |  | acknowledgement of her bravery |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His acknowledgement of the mistake was honest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:x5:1
# text = His acknowledgement of the mistake was honest.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His acknowledgement of the mistake |  |  |  |  | honest *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the acknowledgements at the back of the book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:acknowledgement:x6:1
# text = Read the acknowledgements at the back of the book.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the acknowledgements |  | the back of the book |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent acknowledgement=Theme at back=Value |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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