---
title: across — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «across» in the school dictionary: Across means from one side to the other side: you walk across the street. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# across

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, something, clues, pool, He, 6 tiles · **What happens:** mean, walk, tell, be, go, leave · **To what, where:** one side, street, other side, 2 meters, crossword, right · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«across» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [across in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/across.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Across means from one side to the other side: you walk across the street.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:m1:1
# text = Across means from one side to the other side: you walk across the street.
1	Across	across	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	across	across	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | one side to the other side |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **walk** | present | you |  |  | the street |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across street=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Across means on the other side: the shop across the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:m2:1
# text = Across means on the other side: the shop across the road.
1	Across	across	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	across	across	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | the other side |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Across tells how wide something is: «2 meters across».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:m3:1
# text = Across tells how wide something is: «2 meters across».
1	Across	across	ADP	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	meters	meter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
11	across	across	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present |  | 2 meters |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | wide *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a crossword, «across» clues go from left to right.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:m4:1
# text = In a crossword, «across» clues go from left to right.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crossword	crossword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	across	across	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	clues	clue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | clues |  |  | a crossword |  | across *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in crossword=Location |
| 2 | **leave** | participle | clues *not said here* |  |  | right |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to right=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pool is 25 meters across.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x1:1
# text = The pool is 25 meters across.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	meters	meter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	across	across	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the pool | 25 meters |  |  |  | across *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He swims across the lake twice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x2:1
# text = He swims across the lake twice.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swims	swim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | He |  |  | the lake |  | twice *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across lake=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 6 tiles across and 4 down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x3:1
# text = There are 6 tiles across and 4 down.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	tiles	tile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	across	across	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	appos	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 6 tiles |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge goes across a river 80 feet wide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x4:1
# text = The bridge goes across a river 80 feet wide.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	80	80	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the bridge |  |  | a river |  | wide *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across river=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look both ways before you walk across the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x5:1
# text = Look both ways before you walk across the road.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* | both ways |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **walk** | present | you |  |  | the road |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across road=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bakery is across from the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x6:1
# text = The bakery is across from the school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bakery	bakery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	across	across	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the bakery |  |  | the school |  | across *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I came across an old photo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x7:1
# text = I came across an old photo.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | I | a old photo |  |  |  | across *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write the word for 5 across.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x8:1
# text = Write the word for 5 across.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	_
6	across	across	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | the word |  |  |  | for 5; across *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent word=Result for 5=Beneficiary |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds fly across the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x9:1
# text = Birds fly across the sky.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | Birds |  |  | the sky |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across sky=Trajectory |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The circle is 10 cm across.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:across:x10:1
# text = The circle is 10 cm across.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	across	across	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the circle | 10 cm |  |  |  | across *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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