---
title: actual — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «actual» in the school dictionary: Actual means real or true, not just guessed, imagined or planned. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# actual

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Actual, I, actual number, picture, actual party, moon · **What happens:** mean, not guess, imagine, plan, use, stress · **To what, where:** real, Actual, exact thing, 50 sweets, 62, beetle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«actual» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [actual in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/actual.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Actual means real or true, not just guessed, imagined or planned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:m1:1
# text = Actual means real or true, not just guessed, imagined or planned.
1	Actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	guessed	guess	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	imagined	imagine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	planned	plan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Actual | real |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent real=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **guess** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **imagine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **plan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Actual is used to stress the exact thing itself, as in «the actual answer».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:m2:1
# text = Actual is used to stress the exact thing itself, as in «the actual answer».
1	Actual	actual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stress	stress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	8	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Actual |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stress** | to-infinitive |  | the exact thing  Actual |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent thing=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I guessed 50 sweets, but the actual number was 62.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:x1:1
# text = I guessed 50 sweets, but the actual number was 62.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	guessed	guess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	62	62	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guess** | past | I | 50 sweets |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the actual number | 62 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The picture shows the beetle at actual size.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:x2:1
# text = The picture shows the beetle at actual size.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the picture |  | the beetle | actual size |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent beetle=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What is the difference between the estimate and the actual answer?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:x3:1
# text = What is the difference between the estimate and the actual answer?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the difference |  |  |  | between the estimate and the actual answer | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The actual party starts at six, not five.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:x4:1
# text = The actual party starts at six, not five.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | the actual party |  |  | six |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In actual fact, the moon has no light of its own.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:x5:1
# text = In actual fact, the moon has no light of its own.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the moon | no light of moon's own |  | actual fact |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plan said ten minutes, but the actual trip took twenty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:x6:1
# text = The plan said ten minutes, but the actual trip took twenty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the plan |  |  |  | minute |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | past | the actual trip | twenty |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent twenty=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But in the actual Russia of to-day, snakes bear by no means so bad a character.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:actual:x7:1
# text = But in the actual Russia of to-day, snakes bear by no means so bad a character.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	bear	bear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	nsubj	_	_
15	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present | snakes |  |  | the actual Russia | day |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present | no | bad |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bad=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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