---
title: ad — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ad» in the school dictionary: An ad is short for advertisement: a picture, video, poster or message that tries to get people to buy something or do something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ad

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ad, message, people, small ad, Latin word, I · **What happens:** be, try, get, buy, do, sell · **To what, where:** people, something, short notice, newspaper, job, Latin word · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ad» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ad in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ad.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ad is short for advertisement: a picture, video, poster or message that tries to get people to buy something or do something.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:m1:1
# text = An ad is short for advertisement: a picture, video, poster or message that tries to get people to buy something or do something.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	advertisement	advertisement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	tries	try	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
23	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	22	obj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
26	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a ad |  |  |  |  | for advertisement; short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **try** | present | message |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **get** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | message *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **buy** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | infinitive | people *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small ad (classified ad) is a short notice in a newspaper or online to sell something or find a job, a home or a lost pet.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:m2:1
# text = A small ad (classified ad) is a short notice in a newspaper or online to sell something or find a job, a home or a lost pet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	classified	classified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	notice	notice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	online	online	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
19	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
30	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a small ad and classified ad | a short notice |  | a newspaper |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | to-infinitive | a small ad and classified ad *not said here* | something |  |  |  | online *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 3 | **find** | infinitive | a small ad and classified ad *not said here* | a job and a home or a lost pet |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Topic |
| 4 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In scholarly notes, ad is a Latin word meaning "at" or "to", as in "ad fin." meaning "at the end".

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:m3:1
# text = In scholarly notes, ad is a Latin word meaning "at" or "to", as in "ad fin." meaning "at the end".
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	fin	fin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
26	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | ad | a Latin word |  | scholarly notes |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a Latin word *not said here* | fin meaning |  |  | at the end |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I saw an ad for a new cereal on TV.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:x1:1
# text = I saw an ad for a new cereal on TV.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cereal	cereal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I | a ad |  |  |  | for a new cereal on TV | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ad=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had to watch an ad before the video.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:x2:1
# text = We had to watch an ad before the video.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a ad |  |  | before the video |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ad=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ads use bright colours to catch your eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:x3:1
# text = Ads use bright colours to catch your eye.
1	Ads	ad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Ads | bright colours |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive | Ads *not said here* | your eye |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't click on pop-up ads in games.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:x4:1
# text = Don't click on pop-up ads in games.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	click	click	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	pop	pop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	ads	ad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **click** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | up ads in games |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ad=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad put an ad online to sell our old bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:x5:1
# text = Dad put an ad online to sell our old bike.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	online	online	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Dad | a ad |  |  |  | online *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent ad=Goal |
| 2 | **sell** | to-infinitive | Dad *not said here* | our old bike |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class made an ad for the school fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:x6:1
# text = Our class made an ad for the school fair.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Our class | a ad |  |  |  | for the school fair | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent ad=Product for fair=Asset |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was an ad on the side of the bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:x7:1
# text = There was an ad on the side of the bus.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a ad on the side of the bus |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ad said «free», but you had to pay to play.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ad:x8:1
# text = The ad said «free», but you had to pay to play.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the ad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pay** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **play** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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