---
title: additional — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «additional» in the school dictionary: Additional means extra, more than what was there before. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# additional

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Additional, She, additional hour, He, additional 8 students, additional fee · **What happens:** mean, be, add on, buy, cost, need · **To what, where:** extra, 5 additional pencils, 3 dollars, 12 additional points, club, additional chairs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«additional» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [additional in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/additional.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Additional means extra, more than what was there before.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:m1:1
# text = Additional means extra, more than what was there before.
1	Additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
6	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advcl	_	_
10	before	before	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Additional | extra |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | before, there *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Additional means added on to something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:m2:1
# text = Additional means added on to something.
1	Additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **add on** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to something | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to something=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She bought 5 additional pencils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x1:1
# text = She bought 5 additional pencils.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | She | 5 additional pencils |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each additional hour costs 3 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x2:1
# text = Each additional hour costs 3 dollars.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | each additional hour | 3 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He needs 12 additional points to win.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x3:1
# text = He needs 12 additional points to win.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | He | 12 additional points |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot point=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An additional 8 students joined the club.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x4:1
# text = An additional 8 students joined the club.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past | a additional 8 students | the club |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is an additional fee for late books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x5:1
# text = There is an additional fee for late books.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fee	fee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a additional fee for late books |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We need additional chairs for the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x6:1
# text = We need additional chairs for the party.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | We | additional chairs |  |  |  | for the party | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot chair=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask the teacher for additional help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x7:1
# text = Ask the teacher for additional help.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | the teacher |  |  | for additional help | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game has additional levels to unlock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x8:1
# text = The game has additional levels to unlock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	levels	level	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	unlock	unlock	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the game | additional levels |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent level=Patient |
| 2 | **unlock** | to-infinitive | the game *not said here* | additional levels *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drink comes at no additional cost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x9:1
# text = The drink comes at no additional cost.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
6	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the drink |  |  | no additional cost |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at cost=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Additional rain fell overnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x10:1
# text = Additional rain fell overnight.
1	Additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Additional rain |  |  |  |  | overnight *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I'm satisfied," said Jack; "and if you stop me from doing a thing after telling me to do it, you are to give me an additional month's wages."

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:additional:x11:1
# text = "I'm satisfied," said Jack; "and if you stop me from doing a thing after telling me to do it, you are to give me an additional month's wages."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
12	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
22	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
27	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	iobj	_	_
32	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	's	's	PART	POS	_	34	case	_	_
36	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Jack |  |  |  |  | satisfied *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stop** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | you | me |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector i=Eventuality |
| 4 | **do** *in a quote* | gerund | you *not said here* | a thing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | gerund | you *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **do** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | thing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 7 | **does** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **give** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a additional month's wages | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient wage=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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