---
title: adhd — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «adhd» in the school dictionary: ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; it is a difference in how the brain works that can make it hard to pay attention, sit still or wait, and it can also bring energy and creativity. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# adhd

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ADHD, brain, that, cousin, Doctors, someone · **What happens:** stand, be, work, make, pay, sit · **To what, where:** difference, brain, attention, energy, ADHD, him · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«adhd» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [adhd in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/adhd.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; it is a difference in how the brain works that can make it hard to pay attention, sit still or wait, and it can also bring energy and creativity.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adhd:m1:1
# text = ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; it is a difference in how the brain works that can make it hard to pay attention, sit still or wait, and it can also bring energy and creativity.
1	ADHD	adhd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	deficit	deficit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	hyperactivity	hyperactivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	disorder	disorder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	parataxis	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	xcomp	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
25	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	20	parataxis	_	_
28	still	still	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	wait	wait	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
34	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	also	also	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
37	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	creativity	creativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | ADHD |  |  |  |  | for deficit hyperactivity disorder | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for disorder=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | present | ADHD | a difference |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **work** | present | the brain |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | can | that | brain |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 5 | **pay** | to-infinitive | that *not said here* | attention |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attention=Asset |
| 6 | **sit** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **wait** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **bring** | can | ADHD | energy and creativity |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent energy=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin has ADHD and finds it hard to sit still for a long time.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adhd:x1:1
# text = My cousin has ADHD and finds it hard to sit still for a long time.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ADHD	adhd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	finds	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	still	still	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My cousin | ADHD |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adhd=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | present | My cousin *not said here* | ADHD |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 3 | **sit** | to-infinitive | ADHD *not said here* |  |  |  | still; time |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors can tell if someone has ADHD.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adhd:x2:1
# text = Doctors can tell if someone has ADHD.
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	ADHD	adhd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | can | Doctors |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone | ADHD |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adhd=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
ADHD is a difference in how the brain works.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adhd:x3:1
# text = ADHD is a difference in how the brain works.
1	ADHD	adhd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | ADHD | a difference |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | present | the brain |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People with ADHD can be very creative and full of ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adhd:x4:1
# text = People with ADHD can be very creative and full of ideas.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	ADHD	adhd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	creative	creative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | People with ADHD |  |  |  |  | creative *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | People with ADHD *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of ideas | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher lets him take a movement break because of his ADHD.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adhd:x5:1
# text = The teacher lets him take a movement break because of his ADHD.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	ADHD	adhd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | the teacher | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | infinitive | him *= he* *not said here* | a movement break |  |  |  | because teacher's ADHD | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent break=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having ADHD does not mean someone is not clever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adhd:x6:1
# text = Having ADHD does not mean someone is not clever.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	ADHD	adhd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | ADHD |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adhd=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **mean** | present · do-support | Having |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some grown-ups with ADHD use lists and alarms to remember things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adhd:x7:1
# text = Some grown-ups with ADHD use lists and alarms to remember things.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
2	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ADHD	adhd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	lists	list	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	alarms	alarm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | some grown ups with ADHD | lists and alarms |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent list=Patient |
| 3 | **remember** | to-infinitive | some grown ups with ADHD *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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