---
title: administration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «administration» in the school dictionary: Administration is the work of organising and running a business, school or office. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/administration/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / administration

# administration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Administration, work, people, school administration, Mum, lot · **What happens:** be, organise, run, manage, give, administer · **To what, where:** work, business, group, organisation, government, USA · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«administration» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [administration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/administration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Administration is the work of organising and running a business, school or office.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:m1:1
# text = Administration is the work of organising and running a business, school or office.
1	Administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	organising	organise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Administration | the work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **organise** | gerund | the work *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **run** | gerund | the work *not said here* | a business and school or office |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme business=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The administration is the group of people who manage an organisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:m2:1
# text = The administration is the group of people who manage an organisation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	manage	manage	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the administration | the group |  |  |  | of people | tree rules |
| 2 | **manage** | present | people | a organisation |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent organisation=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An administration is a government, especially in the USA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:m3:1
# text = An administration is a government, especially in the USA.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a administration | a government |  | the USA |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The administration of medicine is giving it to someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:m4:1
# text = The administration of medicine is giving it to someone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · progressive | the administration of medicine | medicine | someone |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to someone=Recipient |
| 2 | **administer** |  |  | medicine |  |  |  |  | nom administration «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school administration sent letters home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:x1:1
# text = The school administration sent letters home.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	home	home	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the school administration | letters |  |  |  | home *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum works in administration at the hospital.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:x2:1
# text = Mum works in administration at the hospital.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Mum |  |  |  |  | at the hospital; in administration | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in administration=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a lot of administration in running a club.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:x3:1
# text = There is a lot of administration in running a club.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a lot of administration |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | administration *not said here* | a club |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme club=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new administration made changes to taxes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:x4:1
# text = The new administration made changes to taxes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the new administration | changes |  |  |  | to taxes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset change=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a nurse should handle the administration of medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:x5:1
# text = Only a nurse should handle the administration of medicine.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	handle	handle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **handle** | should | a nurse | the administration of medicine |  |  |  |  | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent administration=Theme |
| 2 | **administer** |  |  | medicine |  |  |  |  | nom administration «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask the administration office for a form.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:x6:1
# text = Ask the administration office for a form.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* | the administration office |  |  |  | for a form | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent office=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not thinking one vizir enough for the administration of his estates he had two, named Khacan and Saouy.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:administration:x7:1
# text = Not thinking one vizir enough for the administration of his estates he had two, named Khacan and Saouy.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	estates	estate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	_
17	Khacan	Khacan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Saouy	Saouy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **think** *speech: other* | gerund |  | one vizir |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent vizir=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | he | two |  |  |  | for the administration of his estates | tree rules |
| 3 | **name** | participle | two *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **administer** |  |  | his estates |  |  |  |  | nom administration «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [administer](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/administer/)
- next →: [administrative](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/administrative/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)