---
title: adoption — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «adoption» in the school dictionary: Taking a child into your family by law and becoming their parent for ever. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# adoption

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Taking, cousin, shelter, Adoption, kitten, formal adoption · **What happens:** take, become, give, start, use, adopt · **To what, where:** child, family, parent, animal, shelter, new idea

<!-- .vabout -->
«adoption» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [adoption in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/adoption.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taking a child into your family by law and becoming their parent for ever.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:m1:1
# text = Taking a child into your family by law and becoming their parent for ever.
1	Taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  | a child |  | your family |  | by law | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent child=Theme into family=Destination |
| 2 | **become** | gerund |  | their parent |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient parent=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taking an animal from a shelter to give it a home: pet adoption.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:m2:1
# text = Taking an animal from a shelter to give it a home: pet adoption.
1	Taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  | a animal |  | a shelter |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent animal=Theme from shelter=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | Taking | animal |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient home=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Starting to use a new idea, rule or method: the adoption of a new timetable.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:m3:1
# text = Starting to use a new idea, rule or method: the adoption of a new timetable.
1	Starting	start	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	timetable	timetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **use** | to-infinitive |  | a new idea and rule or method |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |
| 3 | **adopt** |  |  | a new timetable |  |  |  |  | nom adoption «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin joined our family through adoption.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:x1:1
# text = My cousin joined our family through adoption.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past | My cousin | our family |  | adoption |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shelter holds a pet adoption day every month.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:x2:1
# text = The shelter holds a pet adoption day every month.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the shelter |  |  |  | day; month |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adoption makes the child a full member of the family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:x3:1
# text = Adoption makes the child a full member of the family.
1	Adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Adoption | a full member of the family | the child |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset child=Beneficiary member=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kitten is up for adoption.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:x4:1
# text = The kitten is up for adoption.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kitten	kitten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	up	up	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the kitten |  |  |  |  | for adoption | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The adoption of the new rules took a year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:x5:1
# text = (formal) The adoption of the new rules took a year.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the formal adoption of the new rules |  |  |  | year |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **adopt** |  |  | the new rules |  |  |  |  | nom adoption «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They celebrate the day of her adoption with a cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adoption:x6:1
# text = They celebrate the day of her adoption with a cake.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | They |  |  |  | day |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **adopt** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | with a cake | nom adoption «act transitive»: poss=agent with=obl |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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