---
title: adrenaline — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «adrenaline» in the school dictionary: Adrenaline is a chemical (a hormone) that your body releases when you are scared, excited or in danger; it makes your heart beat faster and gives you quick energy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# adrenaline

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Adrenaline, body, you, heart, I, dog · **What happens:** be, release, make, beat, give, use · **To what, where:** chemical, heart, quick energy, you, Adrenaline, emergency pens

<!-- .vabout -->
«adrenaline» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [adrenaline in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/adrenaline.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adrenaline is a chemical (a hormone) that your body releases when you are scared, excited or in danger; it makes your heart beat faster and gives you quick energy.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adrenaline:m1:1
# text = Adrenaline is a chemical (a hormone) that your body releases when you are scared, excited or in danger; it makes your heart beat faster and gives you quick energy.
1	Adrenaline	adrenaline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	chemical	chemical	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hormone	hormone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	releases	release	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
13	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
25	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	beat	beat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	xcomp	_	_
28	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	27	advmod	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
31	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	30	iobj	_	_
32	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Adrenaline | a chemical |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **release** | present | your body |  |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | scared *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **make** | present | body | your heart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **beat** | present | your heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **give** | present | body *not said here* | quick energy | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient energy=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adrenaline (as a medicine, epinephrine) is used in emergency pens for people with severe allergies.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adrenaline:m2:1
# text = Adrenaline (as a medicine, epinephrine) is used in emergency pens for people with severe allergies.
1	Adrenaline	adrenaline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	epinephrine	epinephrine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	emergency	emergency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	pens	pen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	allergies	allergy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Adrenaline |  | emergency pens for people with severe allergies |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt a rush of adrenaline before the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adrenaline:x1:1
# text = I felt a rush of adrenaline before the race.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rush	rush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	adrenaline	adrenaline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I | a rush of adrenaline |  | the race |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent rush=Theme before race=Location |
| 2 | **rush** |  |  | adrenaline |  |  |  |  | nom rush «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adrenaline makes your heart beat faster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adrenaline:x2:1
# text = Adrenaline makes your heart beat faster.
1	Adrenaline	adrenaline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	beat	beat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
6	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Adrenaline | your heart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **beat** | present | your heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the dog barked suddenly, adrenaline made me jump.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adrenaline:x3:1
# text = When the dog barked suddenly, adrenaline made me jump.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	barked	bark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
5	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	adrenaline	adrenaline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | past | adrenaline | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **jump** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam carries an adrenaline pen because of his nut allergy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adrenaline:x4:1
# text = Sam carries an adrenaline pen because of his nut allergy.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	adrenaline	adrenaline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	nut	nut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	allergy	allergy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Sam | a adrenaline pen |  |  |  | because Sam's nut allergy | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roller coasters give people an adrenaline rush.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adrenaline:x5:1
# text = Roller coasters give people an adrenaline rush.
1	Roller	roller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	coasters	coaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	iobj	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	adrenaline	adrenaline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	rush	rush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Roller coasters | a adrenaline rush | people |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient rush=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the adrenaline wears off, you can feel very tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adrenaline:x6:1
# text = After the adrenaline wears off, you can feel very tired.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adrenaline	adrenaline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear off** | present | the adrenaline |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **feel** | can | you |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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