---
title: advent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «advent» in the school dictionary: Advent is the season of about four weeks before Christmas, when Christians get ready to celebrate Jesus' birth and wait for his coming again. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# advent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Advent, Christians, Jesus, I, We, time · **What happens:** be, get, celebrate, wait, come, begin · **To what, where:** season, birth, arrival, door, Advent calendar, second candle

<!-- .vabout -->
«advent» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [advent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/advent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Advent is the season of about four weeks before Christmas, when Christians get ready to celebrate Jesus' birth and wait for his coming again.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:m1:1
# text = Advent is the season of about four weeks before Christmas, when Christians get ready to celebrate Jesus' birth and wait for his coming again.
1	Advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
23	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Gender=Masc|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
26	again	again	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Advent | the season |  |  | week |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **celebrate** | to-infinitive | Christians *not said here* | Jesus's birth |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birth=Theme |
| 4 | **wait** | infinitive | Christians *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **come** | gerund | Jesus |  |  |  | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The advent of something is its arrival or beginning, as in "the advent of the internet".

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:m2:1
# text = The advent of something is its arrival or beginning, as in "the advent of the internet".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the advent of something | advent's arrival |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | gerund | the advent of something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I open a door in my Advent calendar every morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:x1:1
# text = I open a door in my Advent calendar every morning.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	open	open	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	Advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | I | a door |  | my Advent calendar | morning |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent door=Theme in calendar=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We lit the second candle on the Advent wreath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:x2:1
# text = We lit the second candle on the Advent wreath.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lit	light	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Advent	Advent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	wreath	wreath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light** | past | We | the second candle |  | the Advent wreath |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candle=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Advent is a time of waiting and getting ready.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:x3:1
# text = Advent is a time of waiting and getting ready.
1	Advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
9	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Advent | a time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wait** | gerund | a time *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | gerund | a time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With the advent of mobile phones, fewer people wrote letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:x4:1
# text = With the advent of mobile phones, fewer people wrote letters.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	mobile	mobile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | fewer people | letters |  |  |  | with the advent of mobile phones | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The church is decorated in purple during Advent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:x5:1
# text = The church is decorated in purple during Advent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	decorated	decorate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	purple	purple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Advent	Advent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decorate** | present · passive |  | the church |  |  | during Advent | in purple | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in purple=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Advent carol service was by candlelight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:x6:1
# text = The Advent carol service was by candlelight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Advent	Advent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	carol	carol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	candlelight	candlelight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Advent carol service |  |  |  |  | by candlelight | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eos, the Dawn, like her brother Helios, whose advent she always announced, was also deified by the early Greeks.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:advent:x7:1
# text = Eos, the Dawn, like her brother Helios, whose advent she always announced, was also deified by the early Greeks.
1	Eos	Eos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Dawn	Dawn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	Helios	Helios	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	15	advmod	_	_
15	announced	announce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
18	also	also	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	deified	deify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **announce** *speech: other* | past | Eos | Helios's advent *not said here* |  |  |  | always *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advent=Theme |
| 2 | **deify** | past · passive | the early Greeks | Eos |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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