---
title: adversary — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «adversary» in the school dictionary: An enemy or opponent; someone you fight or compete against. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# adversary

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, knight, adversary, two teams, She, greatest adversary · **What happens:** fight, compete, face, try, guess, move · **To what, where:** adversary, bridge, chess, next move, old adversaries, tough adversary · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«adversary» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [adversary in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/adversary.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An enemy or opponent; someone you fight or compete against.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversary:m1:1
# text = An enemy or opponent; someone you fight or compete against.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	appos	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fight	fight	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	compete	compete	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **compete** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight faced his adversary on the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversary:x1:1
# text = The knight faced his adversary on the bridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	faced	face	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | past | the knight | knight's adversary |  | the bridge |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent adversary=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In chess, try to guess your adversary's next move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversary:x2:1
# text = In chess, try to guess your adversary's next move.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	guess	guess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	move	move	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | chess |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **guess** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your adversary's next move |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent move=Theme |
| 3 | **move** |  | your adversary |  |  |  |  |  | nom move «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two teams were old adversaries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversary:x3:1
# text = The two teams were old adversaries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the two teams | old adversaries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was a tough adversary in the debate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversary:x4:1
# text = She was a tough adversary in the debate.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	debate	debate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | She | a tough adversary |  | the debate |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sherlock Holmes's greatest adversary was Moriarty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversary:x5:1
# text = Sherlock Holmes's greatest adversary was Moriarty.
1	Sherlock	Sherlock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Holmes	Holmes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
4	greatest	great	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	Moriarty	Moriarty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Sherlock's greatest adversary | Moriarty |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even adversaries can shake hands after the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversary:x6:1
# text = Even adversaries can shake hands after the game.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | can | adversaries | hands |  |  | after the game |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heracles destroyed this new adversary with his club, and now called upon his nephew to come to his aid.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversary:x7:1
# text = Heracles destroyed this new adversary with his club, and now called upon his nephew to come to his aid.
1	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | Heracles | this new adversary |  |  |  | with Heracles's club | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent adversary=Patient with club=Instrument |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  |  |  |  | now | upon Heracles's nephew | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | Heracles's aid |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to aid=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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