---
title: adversity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «adversity» in the school dictionary: A very hard or unlucky time, full of problems and troubles: illness, being poor, losing someone, or facing danger. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/adversity/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / adversity

# adversity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, family, Adversity, friends, story, boy · **What happens:** be, lose, face, show, win, make · **To what, where:** someone, danger, great courage, final, many adversities, friends

<!-- .vabout -->
«adversity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [adversity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/adversity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very hard or unlucky time, full of problems and troubles: illness, being poor, losing someone, or facing danger.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:m1:1
# text = A very hard or unlucky time, full of problems and troubles: illness, being poor, losing someone, or facing danger.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	unlucky	unlucky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	cop	_	_
17	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
20	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	facing	face	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
24	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | poor *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Eventuality |
| 3 | **face** | gerund |  | danger |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme danger=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A particular difficult event or misfortune (plural adversities).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:m2:1
# text = A particular difficult event or misfortune (plural adversities).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	plural	plural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	adversities	adversity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She showed great courage in the face of adversity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:x1:1
# text = She showed great courage in the face of adversity.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	adversity	adversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | She | great courage |  |  |  | in the face of adversity | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent courage=Patient in face=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team overcame adversity to win the final.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:x2:1
# text = The team overcame adversity to win the final.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	overcame	overcame	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	adversity	adversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	final	final	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | to-infinitive |  | the final |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent final=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The family faced many adversities after the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:x3:1
# text = The family faced many adversities after the flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	faced	face	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	adversities	adversity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | past | the family | many adversities |  |  | after the flood |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme adversity=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adversity can make friends grow closer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:x4:1
# text = Adversity can make friends grow closer.
1	Adversity	adversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	closer	close	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Adversity | friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | infinitive | friends *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story is about a boy who triumphs over adversity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:x5:1
# text = The story is about a boy who triumphs over adversity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	triumphs	triumph	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	adversity	adversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the story |  |  |  |  | about a boy | tree rules |
| 2 | **triumph** | present | a boy |  |  | adversity |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helen Keller's life is an example of courage in adversity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:x6:1
# text = Helen Keller's life is an example of courage in adversity.
1	Helen	Helen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Keller	Keller	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
4	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	adversity	adversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Helen's life | a example |  |  |  | of courage in adversity | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We must make friends in prosperity if we would have their help in adversity.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:adversity:x7:1
# text = We must make friends in prosperity if we would have their help in adversity.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	adversity	adversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | must | We | friends |  | prosperity |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Product |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | would | we | friends's help |  | adversity |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Patient |
| 3 | **help** |  | friends *= friend* |  |  |  |  |  | nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [adverse](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/adverse/)
- next →: [advert](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/advert/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)