---
title: aerial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aerial» in the school dictionary: An aerial is a wire or rod that sends or picks up radio or TV signals; in the US it is called an antenna. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aerial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** aerial, rod, wire, TV aerial, aerial photo, Drones · **What happens:** be, send, pick up, call, mean, take · **To what, where:** wire, radio, aerial, air, aerial photograph, plane · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«aerial» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aerial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aerial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aerial is a wire or rod that sends or picks up radio or TV signals; in the US it is called an antenna.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:m1:1
# text = An aerial is a wire or rod that sends or picks up radio or TV signals; in the US it is called an antenna.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aerial	aerial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	picks	pick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	antenna	antenna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a aerial | a wire or rod |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | present | rod |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pick up** | present | rod *not said here* | radio or TV signals |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radio=Topic |
| 4 | **call** | present · passive | a wire or rod *not said here* | aerial |  |  |  | in the US | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aerial means from the air or in the air, like an aerial photograph taken from a plane or drone.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:m2:1
# text = Aerial means from the air or in the air, like an aerial photograph taken from a plane or drone.
1	Aerial	aerial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	aerial	aerial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
15	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	drone	drone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Aerial |  |  | the air or the air |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | participle |  | a aerial photograph *not said here* |  | a plane or drone |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from plane=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aerial in sport (skiing, snowboarding) is a jump with a flip in the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:m3:1
# text = An aerial in sport (skiing, snowboarding) is a jump with a flip in the air.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aerial	aerial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	skiing	skiing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	snowboarding	snowboarding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	jump	jump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a aerial in sport | a jump |  |  |  | with a flip in the air | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The TV aerial blew off the roof in the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:x1:1
# text = The TV aerial blew off the roof in the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	aerial	aerial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow off** | past | the TV aerial | the roof |  |  |  | in the storm | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent roof=Patient in storm=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This aerial photo shows our school from above.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:x2:1
# text = This aerial photo shows our school from above.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	aerial	aerial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	above	above	ADV	RB	_	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | this aerial photo | our school |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent school=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drones take aerial pictures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:x3:1
# text = Drones take aerial pictures.
1	Drones	drone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aerial	aerial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | Drones | aerial pictures |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aerial view helps you draw a map.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:x4:1
# text = An aerial view helps you draw a map.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	aerial	aerial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a aerial view | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **draw** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a map |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snowboarder did an aerial with two flips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:x5:1
# text = The snowboarder did an aerial with two flips.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snowboarder	snowboarder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	aerial	aerial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	flips	flip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the snowboarder | a aerial |  |  |  | with two flips | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aerial=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats are aerial hunters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:x6:1
# text = Bats are aerial hunters.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	aerial	aerial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bats | aerial hunters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sat in an aerial dwelling, and it flew with them through the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aerial:x7:1
# text = They sat in an aerial dwelling, and it flew with them through the air.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	aerial	aerial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | They |  |  | a aerial dwelling |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in dwelling=Location |
| 2 | **fly** | past | dwelling |  |  | the air |  | with them *= they* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through air=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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