---
title: aestivation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aestivation» in the school dictionary: A long sleep-like rest that some animals go into during very hot, dry weather, to save water and energy — like hibernation, but in summer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aestivation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** long like rest, bud, frogs, African lungfish, Snails, Hibernation · **What happens:** go, save, fold, open, survive, wrap · **To what, where:** water, parts, drought, lungfish, mucus, shells

<!-- .vabout -->
«aestivation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aestivation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aestivation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long sleep-like rest that some animals go into during very hot, dry weather, to save water and energy — like hibernation, but in summer.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aestivation:m1:1
# text = A long sleep-like rest that some animals go into during very hot, dry weather, to save water and energy — like hibernation, but in summer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
12	during	during	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	save	save	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	hibernation	hibernation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | a long like rest |  |  |  | during hot dry weather |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **save** | to-infinitive |  | water and energy and hibernation |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: botany — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way the parts of a flower bud are folded before it opens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aestivation:m2:1
# text = The way the parts of a flower bud are folded before it opens.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	folded	fold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fold** | present · passive |  | the parts of a flower bud |  |  |  | the way *obl:unmarked* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **open** | present | bud |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some frogs in Australia survive drought by aestivation underground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aestivation:x1:1
# text = Some frogs in Australia survive drought by aestivation underground.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	drought	drought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	aestivation	aestivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present | some frogs in Australia | drought |  |  |  | by aestivation; underground *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme drought=Circumstance |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The African lungfish wraps itself in mucus during aestivation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aestivation:x2:1
# text = The African lungfish wraps itself in mucus during aestivation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lungfish	lungfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wraps	wrap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mucus	mucus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	aestivation	aestivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | present | the African lungfish | lungfish |  | mucus | during aestivation |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent itself=Theme in mucus=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snails seal their shells with a dry layer during aestivation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aestivation:x3:1
# text = Snails seal their shells with a dry layer during aestivation.
1	Snails	snail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seal	seal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	aestivation	aestivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seal** | present | Snails | Snails's shells |  |  | during aestivation | with a dry layer | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent shell=Patient with layer=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hibernation is for winter, and aestivation is for hot, dry summers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aestivation:x4:1
# text = Hibernation is for winter, and aestivation is for hot, dry summers.
1	Hibernation	hibernation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
7	aestivation	aestivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	summers	summer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hibernation |  |  |  |  | for winter and hot dry summers | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | aestivation |  |  |  |  | for hot dry summers | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After weeks of aestivation, the frogs woke when the rain fell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aestivation:x5:1
# text = After weeks of aestivation, the frogs woke when the rain fell.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	aestivation	aestivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake** | past | the frogs |  |  |  | week |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fall** | past | the rain |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The desert tortoise uses aestivation to escape the heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aestivation:x6:1
# text = The desert tortoise uses aestivation to escape the heat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	aestivation	aestivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the desert tortoise | aestivation |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aestivation=Patient |
| 2 | **escape** | to-infinitive | the desert tortoise *not said here* | the heat |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme heat=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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