---
title: affairs — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «affairs» in the school dictionary: Matters or business, especially public or official ones: world affairs, foreign affairs, current affairs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# affairs

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, party, We, Minister, This, sorry state · **What happens:** describe, marry, put, be, discuss, meet · **To what, where:** event, certain way, one, affairs, order, quiet affair

<!-- .vabout -->
«affairs» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [affairs in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/affairs.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Matters or business, especially public or official ones: world affairs, foreign affairs, current affairs.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:m1:1
# text = Matters or business, especially public or official ones: world affairs, foreign affairs, current affairs.
1	Matters	matter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Personal business and money matters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:m2:1
# text = Personal business and money matters.
1	Personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	matters	matter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"She put her affairs in order."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:m2e:1
# text = "She put her affairs in order."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** *in a quote* | past | She | her affairs |  | order |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent affair=Theme in order=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An event or situation, described in a certain way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:m3:1
# text = An event or situation, described in a certain way.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	described	describe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | participle |  | a event or situation *not said here* |  | a certain way |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The party was a quiet affair."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:m3e:1
# text = "The party was a quiet affair."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	affair	affair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the party | a quiet affair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adult life — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A secret romantic relationship between two people when at least one of them is married to someone else.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:m4:1
# text = A secret romantic relationship between two people when at least one of them is married to someone else.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	romantic	romantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	nmod	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obl	_	_
18	else	else	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **marry** | present · passive |  | one at least of people |  |  |  | to someone | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to someone=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We discuss current affairs every Friday in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:x1:1
# text = We discuss current affairs every Friday in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	discuss	discuss	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discuss** *speech: other* | present | We | current affairs |  |  | friday |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affair=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Minister for Foreign Affairs met the ambassador.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:x2:1
# text = The Minister for Foreign Affairs met the ambassador.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ambassador	ambassador	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | the Minister for Foreign Affairs | the ambassador |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ambassador=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"This is a sorry state of affairs," sighed the teacher, looking at the messy room.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:x3:1
# text = "This is a sorry state of affairs," sighed the teacher, looking at the messy room.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
11	sighed	sigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	messy	messy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | This | a sorry state |  |  |  | of affairs | tree rules |
| 2 | **sigh** | past | a sorry state | the teacher |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Topic |
| 3 | **look** | gerund | a sorry state *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the messy room | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at room=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before his operation, Grandad put his affairs in order.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:x4:1
# text = Before his operation, Grandad put his affairs in order.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Grandad | Grandad's affairs |  | order | before his operation |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent affair=Theme before operation=Destination |
| 2 | **operate** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom operation «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My birthday was a small family affair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:x5:1
# text = My birthday was a small family affair.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	affair	affair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My birthday | a small family affair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mind your own affairs!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:x6:1
# text = Mind your own affairs!
1	Mind	mind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mind** | imperative | you *not said here* | your own affairs |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affair=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the queen discovered the king was having an affair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:x7:1
# text = In the story, the queen discovered the king was having an affair.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	affair	affair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | the queen |  |  | the story |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past · progressive | the king | a affair |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affair=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He took an active part in public affairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affairs:x8:1
# text = He took an active part in public affairs.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | He | a active part |  | public affairs |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent part=Value in affair=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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