---
title: affect — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «affect» in the school dictionary: To affect something means to have an effect on it, to change or influence it («Rain affects the match»). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# affect

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rain, them, sad story, affect, illness, temperature · **What happens:** affect, mean, have, change, influence, make · **To what, where:** something, effect, match, someone, them, strong emotions · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«affect» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [affect in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/affect.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To affect something means to have an effect on it, to change or influence it («Rain affects the match»).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:m1:1
# text = To affect something means to have an effect on it, to change or influence it («Rain affects the match»).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	affect	affect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	influence	influence	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	affects	affect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus something=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a effect |  | effect |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |
| 4 | **change** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **influence** | infinitive |  | effect |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Patient clause=Result |
| 6 | **affect** *in a quote* | present | Rain | the match |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus match=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To affect someone means to make them feel strong emotions («The sad story affected her deeply»).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:m2:1
# text = To affect someone means to make them feel strong emotions («The sad story affected her deeply»).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	affect	affect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	emotions	emotion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	affected	affect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
17	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	deeply	deeply	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** *not said to happen* | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | strong emotions |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent emotion=Theme |
| 5 | **affect** *in a quote* | past | the sad story | her *= she* |  |  |  | deeply *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To affect can mean to attack or harm a part of the body («The illness affects the lungs»).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:m3:1
# text = To affect can mean to attack or harm a part of the body («The illness affects the lungs»).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	affect	affect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	affects	affect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | affect |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **attack** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | affect *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **harm** | infinitive | affect *not said here* | a part of the body |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **affect** *in a quote* | present | the illness | the lungs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lung=Experiencer |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Formally, to affect means to pretend («affect an accent»).

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:m4:1
# text = Formally, to affect means to pretend («affect an accent»).
1	Formally	formally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	affect	affect	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	pretend	pretend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	affect	affect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	accent	accent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | formally *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **pretend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **affect** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a accent |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus accent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How does temperature affect how fast ice melts?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x1:1
# text = How does temperature affect how fast ice melts?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	affect	affect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	melts	melt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | present · do-support | temperature |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **melt** | present | ice |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much screen time can affect your sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x2:1
# text = Too much screen time can affect your sleep.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	affect	affect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | can | much screen time | your sleep |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus sleep=Experiencer |
| 2 | **sleep** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flood affected hundreds of homes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x3:1
# text = The flood affected hundreds of homes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | participle | the flood | hundreds of homes |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hundred=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sad film affected me a lot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x4:1
# text = The sad film affected me a lot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	affected	affect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | past | the sad film | me |  |  |  | a lot *obl:unmarked* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pollution affects animals living in the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x5:1
# text = Pollution affects animals living in the river.
1	Pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	affects	affect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | present | Pollution | animals |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | animals *not said here* |  |  | the river |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Does the weather affect your mood?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x6:1
# text = Does the weather affect your mood?
1	Does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	affect	affect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | present · do-support | the weather | your mood |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mood=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The illness mostly affects the skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x7:1
# text = The illness mostly affects the skin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	affects	affect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | present | the illness | the skin |  |  |  | mostly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus skin=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many families were affected by the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x8:1
# text = Many families were affected by the storm.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | past · passive | the storm | Many families |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bitter weather had for some time affected his limbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affect:x9:1
# text = The bitter weather had for some time affected his limbs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	limbs	limb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the bitter weather |  |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **affect** | participle | some time *not said here* | weather's limbs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus limb=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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