---
title: affection — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «affection» in the school dictionary: Affection is a gentle feeling of liking and caring for someone or something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# affection

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Affection, gentle feeling, you, puppy, Grandpa, hug · **What happens:** be, like, care, show, lick, look · **To what, where:** gentle feeling, way, care, affection, faces, one way

<!-- .vabout -->
«affection» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [affection in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/affection.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Affection is a gentle feeling of liking and caring for someone or something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:m1:1
# text = Affection is a gentle feeling of liking and caring for someone or something.
1	Affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	liking	like	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	caring	care	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Affection | a gentle feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **like** | gerund | a gentle feeling *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **care** | gerund | a gentle feeling *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for someone | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for someone=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Affection is also the way you show that care, by hugs, kind words or friendly actions.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:m2:1
# text = Affection is also the way you show that care, by hugs, kind words or friendly actions.
1	Affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	hugs	hug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Affection | the way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | you | that care |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent care=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy shows affection by licking our faces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:x1:1
# text = The puppy shows affection by licking our faces.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	licking	lick	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the puppy | affection |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent affection=Recipient |
| 2 | **lick** | gerund | the puppy *not said here* | our faces |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent face=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa looked at the old photo with great affection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:x2:1
# text = Grandpa looked at the old photo with great affection.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Grandpa |  |  |  |  | with great affection; at the old photo | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at photo=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hug is one way to show affection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:x3:1
# text = A hug is one way to show affection.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hug	hug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hug | one way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | affection |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent affection=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has a deep affection for her little brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:x4:1
# text = She has a deep affection for her little brother.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a deep affection |  |  |  | for her little brother | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affection=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always ask before you hug someone; not everyone likes to show affection that way.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:x5:1
# text = Always ask before you hug someone; not everyone likes to show affection that way.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hug	hug	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	10	nsubj	_	_
10	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hug** | present | you | someone |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **like** | present | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **show** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | everyone *not said here* | affection |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent affection=Recipient way=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cats show affection by rubbing against your legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:x6:1
# text = Cats show affection by rubbing against your legs.
1	Cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rubbing	rub	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Cats | affection |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent affection=Recipient |
| 2 | **rub** | gerund | Cats *not said here* |  |  | your legs |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme against leg=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His very silence now proves his affection."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affection:x7:1
# text = His very silence now proves his affection."
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	proves	prove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present | His silence | silence's affection |  |  | now |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affection=Theme |
| 2 | **silence** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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