---
title: affectionate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «affectionate» in the school dictionary: Affectionate means showing love and fondness in a gentle way, for example with hugs, kind words or cuddles. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# affectionate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Affectionate, affectionate pet, dog, Grandma, He, kitten · **What happens:** mean, show, like, stroke, stay, be · **To what, where:** love, cuddle, affectionate hug, me, affectionate nickname, baby

<!-- .vabout -->
«affectionate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [affectionate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/affectionate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Affectionate means showing love and fondness in a gentle way, for example with hugs, kind words or cuddles.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:m1:1
# text = Affectionate means showing love and fondness in a gentle way, for example with hugs, kind words or cuddles.
1	Affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	fondness	fondness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	hugs	hug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	cuddles	cuddle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Affectionate |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **show** *not said to happen* | gerund | Affectionate *not said here* | love and fondness |  |  |  | for example; with hugs and kind words or cuddles; in a gentle way | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent love=Patient in way=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An affectionate pet likes to be stroked and stay close to people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:m2:1
# text = An affectionate pet likes to be stroked and stay close to people.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	stroked	stroke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | a affectionate pet |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stroke** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive · passive | a affectionate pet *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP» |
| 3 | **stay** | infinitive | a affectionate pet *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our dog is very affectionate and always wants a cuddle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:x1:1
# text = Our dog is very affectionate and always wants a cuddle.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	8	advmod	_	_
8	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cuddle	cuddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our dog |  |  |  |  | affectionate *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **want** | present | Our dog *not said here* | a cuddle |  |  |  | always *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot cuddle=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma gave me an affectionate hug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:x2:1
# text = Grandma gave me an affectionate hug.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hug	hug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Grandma | a affectionate hug | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient hug=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has an affectionate nickname for his little sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:x3:1
# text = He has an affectionate nickname for his little sister.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | a affectionate nickname |  |  |  | for his little sister | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nickname=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kitten is playful and affectionate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:x4:1
# text = The kitten is playful and affectionate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kitten	kitten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	playful	playful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the kitten |  |  |  |  | playful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the kitten *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She smiled affectionately at the baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:x5:1
# text = She smiled affectionately at the baby.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	smiled	smile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | past | She |  |  | the baby |  | affectionately *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old teacher was affectionately known as «Mr B».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:x6:1
# text = The old teacher was affectionately known as «Mr B».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	B	B	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past · passive |  | the old teacher |  |  |  | as Mr; affectionately *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as mr=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jack was a giddy, thoughtless boy, but very kind-hearted and affectionate.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionate:x7:1
# text = Jack was a giddy, thoughtless boy, but very kind-hearted and affectionate.
1	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	giddy	giddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	thoughtless	thoughtless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	hearted	hearted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Jack | a giddy thoughtless boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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