---
title: affectionately — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «affectionately» in the school dictionary: In a loving, caring and gentle way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# affectionately

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dog, Mum, He, cat, children, Tunny · **What happens:** care, lick, pat, know, speak, rub · **To what, where:** face, head, old teacher, legs, nan, nose · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«affectionately» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [affectionately in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/affectionately.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a loving, caring and gentle way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionately:m1:1
# text = In a loving, caring and gentle way.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
3	loving	loving	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	caring	care	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **care** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog licked her face affectionately.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionately:x1:1
# text = The dog licked her face affectionately.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	licked	lick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lick** | past | the dog | dog's face |  |  |  | affectionately *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent face=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum patted my head affectionately.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionately:x2:1
# text = Mum patted my head affectionately.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	patted	pat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pat** | past | Mum | my head |  |  |  | affectionately *property* | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old teacher was affectionately known as "Mr B".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionately:x3:1
# text = The old teacher was affectionately known as "Mr B".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	B	B	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past · passive |  | the old teacher |  |  |  | as Mr; affectionately *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as mr=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spoke affectionately about his grandmother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionately:x4:1
# text = He spoke affectionately about his grandmother.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  |  | about his grandmother; affectionately *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about grandmother=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat rubbed affectionately against my legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionately:x5:1
# text = The cat rubbed affectionately against my legs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past | the cat |  |  | my legs |  | affectionately *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent against leg=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children waved affectionately to their nan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionately:x6:1
# text = The children waved affectionately to their nan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	nan	nan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | past | the children |  | children's nan |  |  | affectionately *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to nan=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Tunny stuck his nose out of the water and Pinocchio knelt on the sand and kissed him most affectionately on his cheek.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affectionately:x7:1
# text = The Tunny stuck his nose out of the water and Pinocchio knelt on the sand and kissed him most affectionately on his cheek.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Tunny	Tunny	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stuck	stick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	Pinocchio	Pinocchio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	knelt	kneel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	20	advmod	_	_
20	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	cheek	cheek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** | past | the Tunny | Tunny's nose |  | the water |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nose=Theme out water=Destination |
| 2 | **kneel** | past | Pinocchio |  |  | the sand |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on sand=Location |
| 3 | **kiss** | past | Pinocchio *not said here* | Pinocchio |  | Tunny's cheek |  | affectionately *property* | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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